Possible application of the transferable development right mechanism

Possible application of the movable development right mechanism: The construct of movable development rights had originated in the USA, where it has been used for private land acquisition by the State for assorted non-commercial intents such as protecting environmentally sensitive countries. In its present signifier in India, movable development rights have been used as a tool for private land acquisition to build societal comfortss. During the last 10 old ages, the Indian Government had applied this policy to get land for public usage for non-commercial purposes28. The Government of India had had a policy to O.K. development programs for all large metropoliss, while land countries for building of public comfortss such as roads, schools, infirmaries, unfastened infinites, etc. have in private ownership. The pecuniary compensation has excessively expensive and impractical. This state of affairs in India has similar to drawn-out urban route undertakings in Vietnam where the compensation cost has reached 80 % of the entire cost of the undertaking. Apart from the fiscal facets, these undertakings ever have faced resistance from the population. In some large metropoliss of India, another mechanism for compensation, the Transferable Development Right had granted on lands have reserved for unfastened infinite, roads, comfortss and public Peoples with movable development rights have had the right to build houses on their remaining land after a portion had been acquired by the city’s authorization, or in other land which has had higher value, or to reassign the movable development rights to other people. In the Mumbai in India, people whose lands have been converted to public usage could take to have pecuniary compensation or movable development rights. The movable development rights had been granted in the signifier of the Development Rights Certificates. The Transferable development rights have a monetary value, depending on the â€Å"supply-demand† in the building market. It may be transferred to people, but it may non be mortgaged at the Bankss. The issue of Development Rights Certificates has to make a movable development rights market, which has had certain impacts on existent estate market, the land market, urban development market and the procedure of land transition for urban development. Puting up the movable development rights market has a appropriate manner to assist implement the planned aims of development with low compensation costs. It has besides created an easy manner to develop public substructure and has helped people capable to lands reserve for public usage to do perchance more money from the movable development rights market. In Vietnam, a mechanism to publish movable development rights’s demands to be carefully studied before a possible pilot strategy has been implemented in a selected metropolis. Application of the theoretical account could be decided after successful pilot surveies. In Vietnam, the construction of the value of land has different from that in other states. In some states, there has no difference between planned and unplanned land, but at that place has a difference between land with development rights and land without them. For illustration, the value of a movable development rights in India has the difference in the value of land between agricultural land and non-agricultural land in Vietnam. This has showed the practical troubles in application of the movable development rights in Vietnam. However, an in deepness survey of movable development rights should to be undertaken together with a survey of why agricultural land monetary values have increased aggressively after an administrative determination has been made to change over the land to non-agricultural land. movable development rights can hold another signifier of application in Vietnam. The Chinese theoretical account of land transition has similar to the execution of industrial zone building in Vietnam. In the first phase, land for non-agricultural development has been designated on the footing of sanctioned land usage programs prepared for land recovery from current land-users and for allotment to investors. In the 2nd phase, requisition of the land from agricultural collectives has been undertaken through administrative powers with payment of compensation in hard currency or sort. In the 3rd phase, substructure investors have received the land and have prepared substructure such as roads, grading, power, sewag e, H2O, environmental and webs, treating systems. The sites have so leased or transferred to industrial or service investors via direct dialogue, a command procedure, or land auctions. The difference between the theoretical accounts of the two states has in the 2nd phase. The land in China has been recovered from agricultural collectives and in Vietnam the land has been recovered from families or persons. In Vietnam, the State allocates or rentals land non merely for large undertakings utilizing common substructure, but besides straight for undertakings of service nature or an industrial after direct choice of the investors or by land auction or undertaking command together with land usage. The lessons have learned from the Chinese experiences have to happen a suited bound for application of mandatory land acquisition. This system may be applied to large undertakings which require a primary investor for readying of the common substructure have been followed by the primary investor leasing or reassigning the sites to industrial or service investors via direct dialogue, offering procedure or land auctions. The Korean theoretical account of land transition has had some points that can be considered for application in Vietnam. In Korea, the Government has established land districting programs for industrial and residential countries which have been so developed through land readjustment strategies. The undertaking costs and net incomes have been shared among some secret plans and the landholders have been given back to landholders. The Korea Land Cooperation has been allowed to implement urban development plans ; this organisation has similar to the Land development organisation in Vietnam. This mechanism has allowed people to recapture most of the undertaking benefits and to supply inexpensive service sites to building companies. Under the Urban Development Law ( 1999 ) , private developers have been permitted to suggest urban development undertakings every bit long as they have obtained blessing from two tierces of the landholders. In Vietnam, betterment of the Land development organisations could be considered to reform the compulsory land transition system. Some facets of the land monetary value assessment process piloted in Ho Chi Minh City The People’s Committee of Ho Chi Minh City have decided to use the process of land monetary value appraisal to specify the market-based monetary value of land to find land value and compensation. The land monetary value appraisal service has been supplied largely by the Southern Centre for Consulting and Price Assessment Services ( Ministry of Finance ) and the Centre for Price Assessment of the Ho Chi Minh City ( Department of Finance, Ho Chi Minh City ) . In an interview with the first Centre, the manager noted: †¢ The land monetary value rating procedure has an nonsubjective agencies to help in making consensus between State organic structures and has affected people. †¢ The legal method for agricultural land rating has based on income from agricultural production has non been aligned with the market monetary value of agricultural land. †¢ Application of the legal method for non-agriculture land rating for undertaking investing have based on the comparing of the land with other similar land brushs troubles in happening similar land with a similar investing potency. †¢ There have no market based land monetary value databases for application of the comparing method to non-agriculture land monetary value appraisal. †¢ Affected people are utilizing the public services of land rating but there have no ordinances on the declaration of land monetary value differences. The land monetary value appraisal process for land compensation and relocation should be developed for application in all states. To explicate a suited legal model, several surveies and pilot activities have been needed. Apart from the legal facets, the building of a land monetary value database should be undertaken as shortly as possible. The Land Law 1987, the 2nd session of National Assembly VII has adopted this Law on December 29, 1987 and it came into consequence on January 1st, 1988. This jurisprudence has consisted of 6 chapters and 57 articles have constructed on the footing of the State-subsidized theoretical account on land. The chief contents item land allotment by the State for the usage of organisations, families and persons ; the land direction system ; the system of land usage for wood land, agricultural production land, land for particular utilizations and fresh land, residential land ; the rights and duties of the land-users ; and the system of land usage for foreign organisations and persons. This jurisprudence had had merely three articles modulating the land transition system with the undermentioned content: ( I ) The State recovers land when the land would be used for the intent of the State or public involvement ; ( two ) Those who has used agricultural and forestry land have been allocated by the State who has wished to change over this land to industrial and service intents may pay land compensation to the State and so this compensation would be used to develop the resources of the land ; ( three ) If the current land user has non continued to necessitate usage of the land, the State woull recover the land to apportion to others and the current the land user would be compensated for belongings on the land ; ( four ) If the land in current usage has been recovered by the State to utilize for the intents of the State or public involvement, the current land-user will be compensated for losingss and allocated with other land. Harmonizing to these ordinances, the land users have received land allocated by the State to utilize, but had no had belongings rights on that land every bit good as no land dealing rights. The land-user merely has had ownership of the belongings on the land in which they has already invested. Land transition has been carried out under the compulsory mechanisms decided by the State. The Government’s Decreessteering execution of the Land Law 1993, the Law of 1998 on amendment and supplementation of the Land Law, the 2001 Law on amendment and supplementation of the Land Law and the two regulations on rights and duties of organisations utilizing land. During the cogency of the Land Law 1993 ( 15th October, 1993 – 1st July, 2004 ) , the Vietnam Government had issued 30 edicts including 3 edicts on general land direction ; on revenue enhancement on land usage are 4 and transferred of land usage rights ; on land enrollment are 3 ; on land monetary values are 7, land usage fees, land rental and cadastral charges ; on land compensation on land recovery by the State are 2 ; and on land rental and system of land usage for all land classs and land allotment by the State and, rights and duties of land-users are 13 edicts. Among the edicts steering execution of the Land Law, there have 3 groups of edicts that dealt with land transition mechanisms. These have the group of edicts on compensation on the State’s recovery of land ( associating to mandatory land transition ) . The group of edicts on the land leased and allocated by the State, government of land usage for all land classs, rights and duties of land-users ( associating to voluntary land transition ) ; and the group of edicts on land monetary values, land usage fees, land lease ( associating to both land transition systems ) . These edicts specifically include: †¢ Decree No. 90-CPof 17th August, 1994 stipulates compensation for losingss caused by the State’s recovery of land for usage in intents of national defence, security and national and public involvements. The compensation rule is that compensation for losingss in land would be made through the allotment of new land in the same class as the land had been recovered. If the State could non happen other land for allotment or the individual whose land has been recovered does non bespeak compensation in land, a payment would be made with the value calculated on the footing of the land monetary value has announced by the provincial people’s commission in conformity with the model of land monetary values have stipulated by the Government in Decree No. 87-CP dated 17th August, 1994. All belongings have associated with the land would be compensated for by a sum equivalent to the bing value of the belongings at the standard monetary value has set by the State. This edict has non stipulated support for residential remotion, work break and new occupation preparation, etc ; neither does it qualify the relocation mechanism, but chiefly compensation in hard currency to help with the building of a new abode. †¢ Decree No. 22/1998/ND-CPof 24th April, 1998 on compensation for losingss when the State recovers land to utilize for the intents of national defence, security and national and public involvement. This Decree replaced Decree No. 90-CP of 17th August, 1994. The land monetary value has used to cipher compensation in this Decree has been decided by the metropolis people’s commission multiplied by a coefficient in order to guarantee compatibility with the monetary value of land usage rights on the market. The individual capable to recovery of residential land had been compensated for the land country at the degree determined by the provincial people’s commission. Properties associated with the cured land had been compensated by a sum equivalent to the bing value of these belongingss plus a amount stand foring a per centum of the bing value of the belongingss. However, the sum of the belongings compensation may non be higher than 100 % and non lower than 60 % of the original value of the belongings. This Decree have besides stipulated the support for people whose land has been recovered, such as support for disrupted productiveness and stableness, remotion and new occupation preparation. The edict particularly has stipulated the building of relocation locations and delegating residential land to families in the relocation location. †¢ Decree No. 11-CPof 24th January, 1995 on have detailed commissariats for execution of the regulation on duties of foreign organisations, the rights and persons utilizing land had leased by the State. This edict have stipulated the elaborate commissariats for the ways in which the State may rent land to foreign organisations and persons and the rights of foreign land-users as in the Regulation on the rights and duties of foreign organisations and persons utilizing land leased by the State in Vietnam. †¢ Decree No. 18-CPof 13th February, 1995 on has detailed commissariats for execution of the Regulation on the rights and duties of domestic organisations utilizing land leased and allocated by the State. This Decree has stipulated the elaborate commissariats for the State’s allotment of land without a land usage fee and the State’s leasing of land and rights applicable to domestic land-users as mentioned in the Ordinance on rights and duties of domestic organisations utilizing land leased and allocated by the State. The Decree particularly focuses on the right to mortgage land usage rights and land usage rights as a part as capital. †¢ Decree No. 85-CPof 17th December, 1996 on commissariats for execution of the Regulation on the rights and duties of domestic organisations utilizing land leased and allocated by the State. This Decree is rather similar to Decree No. 18-CP of 13th February, 1995. It has stipulated the elaborate commissariats for the State’s allotment of land with a land usage fee as mentioned in the Regulation on amendment and supplementation of on rights and duties of domestic organisations utilizing land have been leased and the Ordinance on rights and have been allocated by the State. †¢ Decree No. 04/2000/ND-CPof 11th February, 2000 on implementing the Law on amendment and supplementation of the Land Law in 1998. This Decree has guided the execution of the Law which clarifies the State’s allotment of land with and without a land usage fee, the State’s leasing of land with a individual payment or one-year payment and land usage right transportation, rental and part as capital between domestic economic organisations, families, persons. The Decree has besides stipulated elaborate ordinances on the rights of land dealing made by land users. †¢ Decree No. 87-CPof 17th August, 1994 on the model of land monetary values for all classs of land. This Decree has stipulated the model of land monetary values ( lowest to highest monetary values ) for all classs of land. On this footing the provincial people’s commission has issued a land monetary value tabular array for every land location. The model of land monetary values in this Decree has much lower than the monetary value of land usage rights transportation on the market ( 10 % to 30 % ) . The Decree has besides allowed the usage of a coefficient runing from 0.8 to 1.2, by which the land monetary value would be multiplied to guarantee compatibility with the specific substructure conditions of urban land. After lupus erythematosus than a twelvemonth of execution, the Prime Minister had issued Decision No. 302 – TTg of 13th May, 1996 to set the coefficient from 0.5 to 1.8. †¢ Decree No. 17/1998/ND-CPof 21st March, 1998 on amendment and supplementation of Item 2 Article 4 of Decree No. 87-CP of 17th August, 1994 on the model of land monetary values for all classs of land. After 3 old ages of implementing Decree No. 87-CP of 17th of August, 1994, the Government had adjusted the model of land monetary values so that the lowest monetary value may be reduced by 50 % and the highest monetary value may be increased by 50 % .

Social Work and Empowerment Assignment

The purpose of this essay is to explore social work theory and practice. The essay is based on a scenario of a father (Mathew), who after many years of caring for his disabled son (David), and having suffered a stroke attack an year ago, finds he is struggling to care for himself or the son. In relation to working with the elderly, the essay will discuss the roles of a social worker, the practice of empowerment, possible ethical dilemmas and an anti-oppressive practice. The type of agency chosen for this essay is Learning Disability Partnership (LPD) in Cambridgeshire. LPD is an organisation, which includes multi-disciplinary teams of Social Care Services and Health professionals. LPD dedicates services which help learning disabled people lead normal lives and life in abundance. Fully aware of the strain and stress brought on by caring, LPD tries to provide services which help people with learning disabilities, and their carers, to cope with these pressures. The diversity of social work roles in this organisation includes advocacy, direct change agent and executive. These roles can be used singly, or as a combination of two roles. The role of advocacy is about people speaking up for themselves directly or indirectly (Beckett, 2006: 9). Despite having communication problems, and assumning a positive mental capacity rationale on David, a social worker may advocate for David by providing specialist communication equipment that enable him to directly communicate without undue influence by his father. Similarly, in the best interests of David and Matthew advocacy is met through negotiations for services and resources within the agency or through multi-disiplinary teams, this is a mixed role of a negotiator and a co-ordinator. The social worker is obliged to assess the needs of Matthew and David for community care services and implement services accordingly, role of a care manager. Simultaneously, eligibility criteria are checked (role of a researcher) after which costs and services availability are checked before commissioning resources. For effectiveness, a social worker must have sufficient knowledge, skills and values to conduct good professional practice. Empowerment means â€Å"working in a way aimed at increasing people's sense of power and control over their lives† (Beckett, 2006:126). The British Association of Social Workers (BASW) includes in their definition of social work the promotion of â€Å"†¦ social change†¦ and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. † (Thompson 2001) cites empowerment as an ongoing â€Å"process† and a â€Å"goal† that takes a long time. Cooper (2000:15) cites the four major principles of empowerment as â€Å"entitlement which include legislation, rights and policies; social model which looks at social, economic and culture; needs-led assessment which looks at wants in life; and promotion of choice and control which moves institutionalisation to independent living†¦ In view of this topic's diversity I shall address each principle briefly. In terms of entitlement law, rights and policies offer guidance and support, good example been the 1990 Community Care Act and the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970 which places a duty and requirement on local authority to provide services, resources and funding for services and resources for the needy people in the community (Brammer, 2003:304). To empower David and Matthew rights to live in own home entitlement services like home carer provide personal care and help with shopping. David may also be entitled to practical home assistance to improve on safety and mobility. However, despite been eligible for service, due to limited resources services may not be easily implemented by local authority. The main objective of need's led assessment is to concentrate more on individual needs and preferences rather than the services available. Needs determine the level of assessment required based mainly on empowerment and choice (Parker, Bradley, 2007). Contrary, defining the meaning of ‘need' inevitably leads to procedural bias and restriction of services due to financial constraints. If the service user satisfies the local authorities eligibility criteria then they have a legal duty to provide the necessary assistance. For example needs for both Matthew and David vary and might change over time. Matthew's perspective might be need of rehabilitation and home help to enhance his physical well being whilst David's needs might be gradual introduction to socialisation and communication needs. Choices for independence targets services for persons at risk for institutionalisation. The Kantanian approach of individualisation (rights and respect for David and Matthew to be treated with personal differences) and user-self-determination (liberty to make informed choices or decisions) promote choice and independence (Banks, 2003:31). Direct Payments, supports self-directed care. This enables David and Matthew to recruit, organise and pay for their own services, enabling them to exercise choice and control over their lives. The campaign for real choice by guardian newspaper quotes that â€Å"the growth of direct payments is causing for celebration, alongside pilot schemes for individual budgets which give disabled people more independence† (www. guardian. co. uk). Social model is concerned with experiences of vulnerable people at a risk of oppression and social devaluation, seeking to reserve vulnerability. Medical terms have been used to normalise people, for examples labelling David as severe learning disabled and Matthew as suffering from stroke is disabling in itself, and leads to total loss of rights. However these terms are used to check threshold criteria for assessment of their needs enabling empowerment. Consequently, on meeting the criteria, local authority must facilities for services, which at this point must be pointed out that they may not necessarily be needs led as intended, but resource led due to limited resources. Simultaneously, this leads to David and Matthew depending on the state welfare instead of encouraging independence and active participation (Oliver, 1996:25). Similarly, choices encourage empowerment. David expressing his wish to stay at home proves that his mental capacity is able to receive, retain and make decisions. (Adams, Dominelli and Payne 2002:196) states capacity and ability to act on decisions brings about equality, however, this supports choice making more than services that best suits David. Possible ethical dilemmas encountered include: Choice and capacity: Because of communication problems with Matthew his dad may have to translate his thoughts expressed. Dilemma occurs as dad's interpretations may not be accurate with the Matthew's needs; this may lead to a social worker implementing wrong services. Similarly wrong services may also be offered if in the past Matthew has had little or no experience of choosing. Care and control imposed due to limited resources, social workers are obligated to evaluate David and Matthew against other service users who are in need. Following the utilitarian approach, the dilemma here is whose needs outweigh the other? On what orders would these needs be prioritised? If David and Matthew's priority are of low, then resources will be allocated to those in most significant risk. Consequently lead to two immoral issues: (a) Societal distrust in social work profession as most people fear being selected for sacrifice despite their needs, (b) David's and Matthew's health might get worse as they have to wait a long time for care packages to be implemented. Empowerment process shifts power away from social workers and given to service users. This reliance to create the conditions for empowerment and identify eligible for empowerment would appear to contradict this intended shift of power. Conflict of interest arises on who the primary client is. Once a referral has been made, a social worker will purposely be going in to assess whoever is in need. However it soon comes to light that both the service user and the carer are in need, torn between two people in need a social worker therefore has to work with the whole family creating conflict of interest. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 states that: â€Å"a person must be assumed to have capacity unless it is established that he lacks capacity†. In line with this, dilemma occurs on how to assess capacity and to what extend would capacity be measurable? A social worker is obliged to make a value judgmental call, and if the wrong move is made then the consequences lie with the social worker. To overcome these dilemmas awareness training and anti discriminatory practice would give a balance. From learnt theories it is evident that some social workers might have limited resources and lack of awareness. If a social worker is not aware or informed of these factors, then they will not be able to achieve empowering practice and that they will find their practice may revolve more around issues of empowerment and control are evidently forgetting service users and carers self-determination. Conclusively, Social workers are employed in varied social settings necessitating diversity of social work roles. Empowerment enriches and enhances human suffering, therefore should always be linked with anti-discrimination. The topic of empowerment is very broad, it not only requires technical competence but also qualities of integrity, genuiness and self-awareness.

The Gulf War Civil Relations - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 643 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/10/31 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Gulf War Essay Did you like this example? HOW WELL DID THE US BALANCE MILITARY AND POLITICAL FACTORS DURING THE GULF WAR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The framers of the US Constitution had the forethought to create balance and ensure that the Military is subordinate to its Civilian leadership.   Forethought balanced with experience, the former colonists sought to avoid the European model where the King controlled the Military.   The relationship between Civilian leaders and the Military is critical, this case study takes a look at how harmonious the relationship was during the Gulf War of 1991.   Taking into account the timing of the war and the personalities involved is important.   Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Gulf War Civil Relations" essay for you Create order Balance was lopsided but did not become an issue until the final days of the war.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   National politics were overridden by World politics.   President Bush and his advisors concentrated heavily on achieving buy in by UN partners.   President did not seem to place as much emphasisdid this lead to the difficulties seen today?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Building the Coalition was named the center of gravity by ..end note.   Proven by the effort put in by President Bush and his administration in securing buy in and ensuring votes to use all means as outlined in  Ã‚   .#  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Secretary of State, Baker was relentless in his pursuit of building the coalition with the top five and other members.   He used diplomacy exceptionally as an instrument of power to ensure that the Arab nations were on board and willing to play a huge role   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Buying consensus from Congress p229 How Wars end Domestic values.   Another element of the civilian   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Building the plan with the Military was not quite as critical.   The two personalities, both former Vietnam veterans, understood the role of the Military in US.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Where the harmoniuos relationship between Civilians and the Military fell apart was following completion of what GENs Powell and Schwartzkopf understood to be the end state.   Both sides failed to plan through the end, to plan through the final phase.   The end of the war saw finger pointing and blame.   Assumptions were made . During and after the war finger pointing?   Civilian masters or not?   End of the war.what then?   Failure The Gulf War extract   DoS demands of the military..any follow through?   What is their charter .ill defined ending.   How wars end abstract assumptions made.ball dropped.   p 231   Another missed opportunity p228 How Wars end failed to topple Saddam .putting our lens of seeing the world on how the Iraqi population would react .fulfilled promises on the surface.met the intent of the UN. tricked the Kurds and Shia into believing that they would get support in an overthrow but then allowed Iraqis to use gunships to quell.   Buyers remorse?   Now what? How Wars End Hurry the unpleasantness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Was the building and maintenance of the coalition, buy in by congress and the US populace and shaping of the new world order following the cold war effective in shaking loose the memories of Vietnam.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Personalities and timing played a huge role in the positive relationship between the Civilian leadership and the Military.   President Bush, as a veteran of World War two, had a lot of empathy for what the troops in the field would be facing.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Generals Powell and Schwartzkopf, as veterans of the Vietnam War had something to prove/overcome.   Both of these perspectives played a part in the decision to end the war at 100 days.   Pres Bush lamented in memories that there was no true end.did this play a factor in his sons decision?   Some have critiqued that he was aiming to finish his fathers war. Complicating matters further was a general failure to recognize and address the challenge of making force serve policy. lip service ..tunnel vision? Coordination fell apart Were the ghosts of Vietnam truly exorcised following the Gulf war of 1991?   Did they play a factor in decision making from the Civilian and Military minds.both mindfully and perhaps subliminally.

What Absolutely Everyone Is Saying About Apa Research Paper

What Absolutely Everyone Is Saying About Apa Research Paper Research proposals are extremely often underestimated. Our researchers will design an outline for free once you order a custom made paper on the site. You may need to do your research alone. Regardless of what research paper outline you're considering, you will want to consider how your research is going to be backed up. Research papers are almost always exciting to read. It is not a task for one day. It needs to be made accurate. An individual should realize that every Research Paper is a sophisticated writing because it must contain distinctive research and distinctive idea. If you decide to purchase research paper online on the site, you can be entirely sure in both fantastic research outcome and perfect writing style. You can't provide online, the webpage will surely have Wix's individual advertising as well as there even won't be a means to connect your own domain name. A title page is ordinarily in the middle of the page and is a succinct overview of the topic. A Startling Fact about Apa Research Paper Uncovered There's one particular word to spell out the technique of distinctive. Write about the results that you will present, and consider the sort of tests you would love to incorporate, jotting them down in your outline. Regardless of what your paper type is, we will be able to hel p you improve it. Nobody will argue that It's quite challenging to compose an academic paper if there's no structure for it. New Ideas Into Apa Research Paper Never Before Revealed Over the whole period of your academic profession, you're definitely inclined to be requested to compose a lot of papers and essays on several depending on the class. As you just need to retell history. A brilliant essay is only a few clicks away. Our cheap essay writing service can assist you prolifically to finish your paper. A thesis is quite a serious kind of academic writing. A 1 hour essay deadline may be true problem, if you aren't good enough at writing and expressing your ideas on a topic you aren't really interested in. Your essay needs to be logical. In the event that you receive yourself a custommade essay and it need to be rather a persuasive composition and additionally you also receive an informative article back, you'll discover yourself a grade. A History of Apa Research Paper Refuted You can also see course outline. You might also see speech outline. You can also see program outline. You might also see presentation outline. The perfect way to gain a comprehension of the APA outline format is to examine examples. A consistent structure ought to be used in the key headings and the subheadings. Additionally, among the vital purposes of an outline is to clearly convey the link between the thesis and every one of the topic sentences. The entire sentence outline format is fundamentally the exact same as the Alphanumeric outline. The Battle Over Apa Research Paper and How to Win It Are you trying to find a superb paper writing service that it's possible to trust with your. For that reason, it's better to understand what things to look for while picking an on-line research paper writing service. Write my term paper service is provided on the net to assist you to conserve time and complete the paper within the deadline. Therefore, you might rest assured your term paper service is going to be delivered by means of a pro. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Apa Research Paper In the event you're not able to do the research paper as a result of any reason, you can trust ProfEssays to write for you in accordance to your requirements. Even the ability to create high excellent paper is important and intricate skill. Explain how you want to get started conducting your research. Sooner or later, you are going to find that all of the research paper examples will allow you to start and get you moving in the proper direction for you to reach the finest possible mark you're able to. If all the requirements of writing research paper in APA format appears to be too much that you take in and try to remember, choosing the expert services of our professional writers is going to be the ideal alternative for you. So far as the students are involved, writing a research paper is among the toughest and frustrating endeavor in their opinion. Anyone who's reading your example of a research paper will want in order to replicate your study effortlessly. APA format is well-known among students as a re sult of its simple guidelines and approach.

Description Of A Family Sporolithaceae Verheij - 1105 Words

Family Sporolithaceae Verheij, 1993 Genus Sporolithon Heydrich, 1897 (Former name: Archaeolithothamnium Rothpletz, 1891) Sporolithon sp. Morphology: Encrusting thallus of 170 – 190 Â µm in diameter. It is rarely recorded as fruticose growth forms. Vegetative anatomy: Crustose dorsiventeral and monomerous thalli with rounded protuberance measuring 150Â µm in height. The core filaments is commonly thin plumose with cell filaments measuring 13 – 27 Â µm in length and 10 – 15 Â µm in diameter. Cell fusion are scarce. Tetra / biosporangial conceptacles arranged in sori , the sori consists of 12 – 29 tetra / biosporangia that sometimes arise from layer of elongated cells. The shape of conceptacles are elongated ellipsoidal measuring 140 – 160 Â µm in height and 60 – 90 Â µm in diameter. This species is also common in the Miogypsina bioclastic algal packstone facies and coral algal rudstone facies (Pl. 2, Fig. 5) of Early Miocene Sadat Formation. Subfamily Corallinoideae Foslie,1898 Genus Corallina Linnaeus, 1759 Corallina sp. (Pl.1, Fig. 8) Morphology: Arborescent to branching growth form with dichotomous thalli. Vegetative anatomy: few fragments of segmented (geniculated) thalli without genicula, stems are observed (140Â µm thick) composed exclusively of core filaments, cells are 34 – 45Â µm in length and 9 –10Â µm in diameter. No cell fusions were recorded. Conceptacles are not observed in the present specimen. This genus is recorded in bioclastic algal Packstone facies of the Early Miocene

Appearances A Universal Concern Essay Example For Students

Appearances A Universal Concern Essay A desire to appear attractive is universal; it permeates all culturesand peoples, and stretches from the past to the present. Throughout history,both men and women have gone to great lengths to become more attractive. In allparts of the world, people take many different measures to beautify themselves. Even move, the animal world also exhibits the desire to be attractive. Malebirds of paradise, with their brilliant hues, contrast sharply with the females. Male peacocks have stunning tail-feathers that are obviously used to attractfemales as well. Although it is true that a subgroup of all peoples have expended greatsums of money and energy to put themselves through a great deal of usually self-imposed tribulation and suffering, it is easy to discern the differentperceptions of beauty held by various groups. These perceptions vary greatlyabetween groups, which are demarcated by class, cultural, geographical,chronological, and religious borders, to name a few. What may be considered veryattractive by one group may even be seen as repulsive in another. The gangsterwith tattoos all over his body, clothed in attire that is much too large, withrings in all the most unexpected places, and sporting an outrageous hairdo,considers himself very attractive indeed. Yet, so do the tall, smartly dressedbusinesspersons with their suit, tie, and white handkerchief. Men and women ofthe Victorian era, when womens ankles were not even permitted to be exposed,would surely be shocked at the revealing outfits that have been donned bymembers of toda ys society. In other words, ones perception of beauty isgreatly influenced by the surrounding environment and the social groups to whichhe belongs. Yet, whatever ones perception of beauty, one thing is the same. This is that all have taken great pains about their appearance. Why are good appearances so important to people?People tend to make initial judgments by first impressions that areusually based on appearances to a great extent. These initial judgments aredoubtlessly very important in many types of social, business, and otherrelationships. Moreover, it is much easier for an attractive person to besocially active. He or she is usually perceived as more pleasant, which makes iteasier for him or her to approach others. Besides, some careers, such as models,actors or actresses, television anchors, and salespersons rely to a significantextent on their outward appearances. They must do their best to please theaudience, draw attention, or make a sale. The following three experiments done by the television news magazine20/20 illustrate the difference that appearances can have in ones everyday life,regardless of whether one is an actress, model, salesperson, or garbageman. In an experiment with third graders, after having been taught by twoteachers varying only in attractiveness, the students consistently rated themore attractive teacher as smarter, more patient, more experienced and moreknowledgeable. Right now, readers may be thinking, Such shallow behavior is tobe expected of a third grader. Grown-ups are mature and are not so arbitrary. Yet, even when one grows up, this shallow behavior does not change. In asecond experiment, two actors were hired to apply for a job. Both were equallycompetent, and similar in all manners except their appearances. The moreattractive man was hired on the spot, while the less attractive applicant wasvery nearly ignored altogether. Even more definitive is the third and last experiment car problems. Two actresses were hired to pretend to have car problems. They both stood at thesame place, at the same time of day, with the same problem. The more attractiveactress had four men pull over in 10n minutes, while the less attractive actressdid not receive help for over two hours. .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1 , .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1 .postImageUrl , .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1 , .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1:hover , .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1:visited , .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1:active { border:0!important; } .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1:active , .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1 .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4e0ec3e6655473111d1380cdf27b5fc1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jeffrey Dahmer- Serial Killer EssayFor those that are resolved to change their appearance, and wish to gainadvantages such as those cited above, no amount of money is too great to expend,and no pain is too great to be endured. A vast array of services and productsranging in price from the economical to the exorbitant are available to cater tothe demands of aspiring beauties. Procedures such as tanning, tattooing, plasticsurgery, implants, body-piercing, liposuction are all available. Yet, it seemsthat some people are now placing an excessive amount of emphasis on theirappearances, and are overdoing the changes. However, although appearances can get one in the front door, so tospeak, they cannot be the sustaining part of jobs or social relationships. Thisis because the extremes of beauty or ugliness are all mediated by the eye overtime. On the contrary, ones spiritual beauty is perpetually realized by theheart and is instrumental in lasting relationships. For example, Beethoven wasnotoriously ugly and deaf, and it was said that he had a particular body odorthat was not very pleasant. Yet, this did not stop the inner person from showingthrough the genius who created the magnificent music that not only lives onthrough the centuries, but is also said by many to be some of the best everwritten. Just as interesting is the example of Aesop. He is famous for hisfables, but is also notorious for being very ugly. Yet, his inner wisdom andbeauty made his master to free him from his slave status, and he traveledthroughout Europe, visiting many courts of rulers to spread the fables that areso wise. In conclusion, people should put what seems to be their endless effortused to improve their external appearance to work elevating their spiritualbeauty. May we all be as wise as Aesop, and learn to balance both appearancesand inner worth to make ourselves more beautiful overall. Works CitedAesop. Groliers Electronic Encyclopedia. 1993. Coon, Dennis. Essentials of Psychology: Exploration and Application. 5th ed. LosAngeles. West Pub. 1991Robertson, Ian. Sociology. 3rd ed. New York: Worth, 1987. Category: English

Management of Tourism and Hospitality Operations Management

Case Study/Strategic Plan Success in a hospitality service industry depends on the operations of its departments and its treatment of guests. Through planning, the hotel needs to select various achievable goals and the strategies for accomplishing the goals in order to identify potential opportunities and threats in a bid to facilitate productivity, decision-making, communication, motivation, and satisfaction of both guests and employees.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management of Tourism and Hospitality Operations Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organisation chart for the Arabian Desert Resort Job Descriptions for each Department Manager and key line staff of the Arabian Desert Resort, why teamwork and quality service is vital for organisational success The general manager forms the link between the Resort hotel and the owner. The manager holds vital authorities over the operation of the hotel us ually reporting directly to the Resort owner (Kattara, Saad 2008, p. 315). The general manager is charged with the responsibility of employing and managing finance, hotel staff, and budgeting. As such, the manager builds and enforces the hotel’s mission, vision, objectives, and goals. Since the hotel industry is just like an institution, â€Å"major issues involving the guests, employees, the facility, public relation with media, and local government† (BMTE N311 2012) as well as other emergencies are better handled by the general manager. Therefore, the general manger of the hotel does coordination, planning, and motivation (Walker 2004, p. 78). The department of sales and marketing relates directly with customers. The manager initiates programs to enhance occupancy through accommodation, meeting, and leisure activities in order to maximise profit and revenues (Quinn 2012, p. 78). The manager is responsible for synchronising marketing and promotional activities geared towards meeting clients’ demands. He or she is supposed to work closely with other staff to attract and retain prospective and potential customers (Barsky, Nash 2007, p. 232). In addition, it is the role of the sales manager to improve the facilities, maintain awareness of factors, which affect the hotel, and to gain a deeper perceptive of the needs and feelings of the hotel’s clients.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The maintenance department is very important in a hotel industry if it has to provide effective services. The head of the department is â€Å"responsible for preventative and corrective maintenance of the entire hotel property, interior and exterior, and development and execution of the hotel’s work order system† (Cimacio et al 2009, p. 51). In undertaking the maintenance role, the manager ensures that all operations of engineering equipment and procedures follow the hotel guidelines and government regulation. The food and beverage manager is responsible for hospitality operations by maintaining foodstuffs, buying foods in demand, and training employees on the latest food service according to the industry standards (Walker 2004, p. 50). Since demand and tastes are dynamic, he or she informs the general manager on the cutting edge of food and beverage trends (Kattara, Saad 2008, p. 320). For effective implementation of the roles, the manager collaborates with human resource, executive chefs, and other departments to build and maintain good rapport with vendors besides managing large budgets to administer safe food storage and cost effective usage. Housekeeping managers monitor guests’ criticisms, inventory of all housekeeping supplies, appliances, and furniture. He or she takes corrective actions when and where necessary in order to bring the general appearance of rooms up to the hotel’s standard . Rooms are very important ‘products’ given to the customers (Cimacio et al 2009, p. 50). Therefore, the manager inspects all hotel rooms daily to ensure that they are clean. He or she assists in training, development, and managing timetables, payrolls, and work load for housekeeping staff for maximum efficiency (Testa Sipe 2012, p. 650). Consequently, the manager receives and confirms deliveries in addition to constantly seeking to initiate housekeeping policies and procedures to improve the hotel operations. Front office manager institutes, monitors costs, expense control systems, and procedures to make them fall within the budget. The manager also interprets monetary outcomes regarding revenues, expenses, and payroll besides overseeing sales, maintaining, and verifying balanced guests accounts (Quinn 2012, p. 76). Since communication is a vital element for the hotel operation, the front office manager also handles telephone calls.Advertising We will write a cus tom essay sample on Management of Tourism and Hospitality Operations Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He or she â€Å"offers services such as faxes, mails, messages, and currency exchange† (Barsky, Nash 2007, p. 234). Therefore, all managers do either informal or formal planning in a bid to determine where the hotel is and where it is heading by establishing goals for enhancing productivity and satisfying guests and employees. Problems and Symptoms Facing ‘The Arabian Desert Resort’ The Arabian Desert Resort’s reputation and revenues have deteriorated having been a premier hotel for some time. The hotel’s poor performance in terms of services and low revenue are attributed to improper management, stiff competition from newer desert resorts, poor planning and communication, and dissatisfaction of both workers and customers that have left executive managers with little to do. â€Å"Fear was that very shortly the resort may loose another star†¦ but for the last few years, the numbers have been bad and getting worse, and he (manager) did not seem to know what to do about it’’(BMTE N311 2012). In addition, the hotel’s owner has no experience and expertise about a hotel business hence cannot identify the real problems. Instead, he hangs on the symptoms (Testa Sipe 2012, p. 652). In addition, â€Å"few minor blemishes-walls that need painting, leaky showerheads, thin carpets†¦entire resort, even the relatively new suites and meeting spaces, had an air of neglect and general shabbiness† (BMTE N311, 2012). Even though the symptoms are the foundations to challenge, it is evident from the above words that the hotel is old and needed renovation and proper maintenance. Solutions to the Problems and Symptoms Having been caught in a seemingly unstoppable decline, the owner has to take an action. The owner has to hire an experienced and commit ted general manager who initiates the hotel’s renovation besides motivating the executive staff by reassuring his department heads about the owner’s expectation of the resort’s long-term health. He has â€Å"to put a lot of money into place and make it a five-star ++ property again, but first he wants to see that he can increase the rates and occupancy and show a profit on the bottom line’’ (BMTE N311 2012). There should be good strategic planning and management. Since the resort is treading on a risky trend, planning can extremely assist in reducing such risks by compelling the departmental managers to focus and anticipate changes so they can plan methods to react to those impending changes (Quinn 2012, p. 77). It is evident that the resort lacked planning, which helps to facilitate the functions of management in decision-making, communication, motivation, control, and sense of direction to the management (Cimacio et al 2009, p. 49). Strategic pl anning creates both short and long-term plans that push the resort towards its goals in the success of its mission and vision (Walker 2004, p. 46).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Vision The hotel wants to become the most reputable 5** resort in Dubai with highly skilled, innovative, and disciplined workforce providing excellent goods and services at reasonable prices to every customer all the time. Mission Its mission is to provide excellent services provided with quality experiences. It plans to distinguish the vital role of its employees in the realisation of its prestige. It will build a positive working environment that enhances its reliability, dedication, and hard work besides endeavouring to be outstanding by undertaking all its activities with sincerity and decent manner to guarantee a fair return on its investments. SWOT Analysis A hotel industry strives to produce quality goods and services in order to compete favourably with others. Therefore, SWOT analysis assesses the industry’s internal and external strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities in an effort to create awareness that enables an industry to avoid threats. Strategic Goals The fir st goal is to encourage executive members and the other staff members to take responsibility in order to provide quality services to encourage high business beliefs, principles, and practices amongst various departmental members (Quinn 2012, p. 74). This will help in finding a solution to issues and conflicts affecting the hotel to improve productivity for the common good of the employees and customers. The second goal is to protect the interest and needs of all the members in order to secure common advantage among members. This goal will enable executive teamwork thus encouraging departments to work together for the good of the guests and of the resort. Training and developing the capacity of the employees is another goal. Training is achieved by undertaking human resource development programs, setting up institutions for training purposes, and disseminating information about valued educational program to members (Barsky, Nash 2007, p. 223). Housekeeping Strategy / Action Plan The hotel needs to standardise procedures and policies to achieve staff productivity and guest satisfaction by introducing quality standards and inspections such as benchmarking world standards, inspecting, and knowing about the condition of the hotel property from personal experience (Kattara, Saad 2008, p. 313). It needs to learn, embrace, and insist on proper safety and security of chemicals and equipment for cleaning the rooms. However, there â€Å"should be proper training given and follow-up checklists provided for linen rooms, housekeeping cards, using equipment, and laundry† (BMTE N311 2012). Otherwise, the department can become a liability to the hotel. Communication is a vital element in involving staff, making them enthusiastic, and cooperative towards establishing a positive attitude and readiness to improve and implement new standards, policies, and procedures. Constant time management and successful research will help to obtain the new standards, policies, and pro cedures. The exceptional housekeeping managers are those who are able to control inventory, understand budgets, costs, and results that are vital for lowering turnover by managing the total budgets and exceeding customers’ expectations (Cimacio et al 2009, p. 46). During recruitment, the housekeeping manager should collaborate with the human resource to select staff wisely especially those who hold the attitude that hotel guest is their guest. However, frequent training for the housekeeping staff on work ethics and etiquette and how to handle guests are inevitable for motivation (Madeleine, Svetlana 2009, p. 187). The hotel needs to promoting trust among the room keepers and departmental heads by sharing the professional expectations given by the ownership, holding regular personal sessions with all departments and working with the front office executive to benefit from forecasts of long-term efficiencies. Most importantly, the hotel has to produce a quality product and serv ice with the aim of total guest satisfaction and building customer loyalty. Front Office Strategy/ Action Plan Front office is a department in the hotel that is in direct contact with the guests as well as marketing, sales, and other service departments. It welcomes guests to the accommodation section by meeting them, organising reservations and porter service, arranging security, and assigning check in and out of the room. The front office manager should know each occupant of a room. From the case study, â€Å"†¦she seems angry about something all the time, but she never says much’’ (BMTE N311 2012). As the centre nerve of all hotels, the front office is essential in keeping up with all the happenings of the entire hotel. Professional interactions and regular checks, training, and mentorship are equally important as effective communication between the front office and other departments such as sales department (Barsky, Nash 2007, p. 229). An effective front off ice manager understands that the front office is the communication and financial centre of every hotel. Therefore, he or she should initiate an appropriate two-way communication cycle by monitoring interaction between guests and staff in ensuring that proper guests’ service and protocols are observed (Walker 2004, p. 23). Executive managers and departmental managers should study market trends to come up with appropriate and reasonable room rates and discounts offered to various groups depending on urgency and demand (Testa Sipe 2012, p. 656). However, in the view of circumstances that may negatively influence the hotel’s operation and revenue such as competitions and market research, they should evaluate and review room rates (Quinn 2012, p. 72). In addition, monthly review of market analysis is not only necessary in understanding guests’ needs and preferences in order to embrace different brands but also in identifying the best technology and property manageme nt systems. In the case study, there is a general complaint from both workers and guests. In fact, â€Å"those guests end up inconvenienced and unhappy†¦.guest dissatisfaction ripples down through the entire resort† (Madeleine, Svetlana 2009, p. 186). Therefore, the front office manager should learn to practice and improve listening skills to coach others. He or she should embrace technology in handling employees and customers’ feedback-complaints or complements in a bid to take a corrective decision. Sales and Marketing Strategy /Action Plan The hotel’s sales and marketing strategy offers training services for managing revenue flows, sales processes, and e-commerce in order to increase revenue and profitability. The individualised training programs and sales strategies given to dedicated and passionate sales and marketing workforce enable them to know what brands customers need to create a long relationship with them thus meeting the hotel mission (Testa Sipe 2012, p. 657). To maximise revenue and profitability, the â€Å"sales teams target group, corporate, leisure, government, SMERF, and extended stay business to ensure balanced business mix† (Cimacio et al 2009, p. 42). Besides, modern social marketing strategies, which are done via social media sites such as tweeters, facebook, and YouTube among others, attract appropriately large market segments while the all-inclusive approach to e-commerce schemes helps to maximise profits, control sales reservation, â€Å"optimise brand loyalty programs, and channel strategy analysis’’(BMTE N311 2012). Consequently, only those advertisements geared towards increasing sales and are consistent with the mission and vision statements are important. From the case study, the property initially sold itself. The hotel never had a problem filling the place. However, due to poor sales and marketing strategy, it suddenly fell out of favour (Kattara, Saad 2008, p. 319). However, initiatives such as constantly lowering room rates to entice dissatisfied guests back to the resort are inevitable. The sales department strives to bring in business to meet targets and occupancy percentages in a bid to fill the place at any price without considering the effect on other departments, other staff, or the resort’s revenues (Madeleine, Svetlana 2009, p. 183). Even though such schemes such as giving discounts, incentives, and bonuses are necessary for improved sales, good coordination and control rates, communication and training are vital among and within the sales and marketing team to curb confusion, poor service, and dissatisfied guests (Quinn 2012, p. 70). Food and Beverage Strategy / Action Plan Strategies on trends, customer habits, and news on the food and beverage form the basis for a prestigious resort. Customers are looking for ‘†products and brands that are real, authentic, and honest because they know they can trust what is in them and wh ere they come from† (Cimacio et al 2009, p. 40). Food and beverage manager should embrace new research and advice the general manager about the customers’ needs to make arrangements of acquiring such preferences besides training and guiding departmental members on the possible menus (BMTE N311 2012). The manager should follow the basic principles of food and beverages in planning the menu as it is not only the most essential tool in creating the power to bring clients into the resort but also to improve the image of the hotel depending on its content and the manner it is set. The manager should set up an investigative and quality standard teams to handle customer feedbacks besides scrutinising food because food safety management is vital to the resort’s reputation and success. The team can also test the presence of poison in the food substances (Testa Sipe 2012, p. 651). However, if food production, presentation, or delivery does not meet the hotel’s set standards, departmental communication and training can solve the problem. Working together with the director of sales and marketing, the food and beverage manager should give service guarantees by allowing â€Å"longer opening hours and maximising space for food and beverage operators to focus on in order to maximise profits’’ (Cimacio et al 2009, p. 38). In addition, developing service recovery plans and promotion campaign is of benefit to the advancement of the resort. Maintenance Strategy / Action Plan Effective maintenance strategy minimises the risk of environmental occurrences, poor publicity, and losses. Maintenance strategy bridges the gap between maintainers and engineers thus helping the resort to utilise its assets effectively, safely, and profitably. Maintainers and engineers can employ several maintenance strategies (Madeleine, Svetlana 2009, p. 180). They can do â€Å"breakdown, corrective, scheduled overhaul, on-condition, failure-finding, predictive, and preventive maintenance† (Barsky, Nash 2007, p. 228). The choice of maintenance depends on the extent of damage, demand, and urgency. However, maintenance must go hand-in hand with proper renovation of the rooms, which are better done during low guests turn out to allow more time for everything to be put in place. Engineers should renovate roofs, walls, and ceiling boards besides replacing window glasses in order to meet guests’ expectation as per the vision and mission of the resort (Quinn 2012, p. 69). The chief engineer should inspect the work done knowing that, if the repairs are not made properly, guests will complain. References Barsky, J, Nash, L 2007, ‘Staff problems can ruin guest loyalty’, Hotel and motel  Management, vol. 222 no. 1, pp. 222-236. BMTE N311 2012, Management of Tourism and Hospitality Operations and Guidelines for Hotel case study strategic plan 2012, Harvard UP, Harvard. Cimacio, B et al. 2009, ‘Front office of accred ited hotels in Baguio city: profile, problems and Strategies for quality service’, University of the Cordilleras Research Journal, vol. 3 no. 1, pp. 37-51. Kattara, H, Saad, W 2008, ‘The impact of employee behaviour on customers’ service quality perceptions and overall satisfaction’, Tourism Hospitality Research, vol. 8 no. 4, pp. 309-323. Madeleine, P, Svetlana, R 2009, ‘Review: Capacity management for hospitality and tourism: A review of current approaches’, International Journal of Hospitality  Management, vol. 29 no. 1, pp. 177-187. Quinn, K 2012, ‘The Importance of Technology, Systems, and Information Skills in the Hospitality Industry’, Consortium Journal of Hospitality Tourism, vol. 17 no. 1, pp. 66-82. Testa, M Sipe, L 2012, ‘Service Leadership Competencies for hospitality and tourism management’, International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 31 no. 3, pp. 648-658. Walker, J 2004, Introduction t o hospitality management, Pearson Education, Inc., New Jersey, NJ. This essay on Management of Tourism and Hospitality Operations Management was written and submitted by user Jasper Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.