Cubism period Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cubism period - Essay Example The ‘three musicians’ by Picasso was made of strongly hued, level and unique geometry in a shallow boxlike walled in area. A clarinet player can be seen on the left, a guitar player in the center and on the correct hand side there is an artist with sheets of music in his grasp. They are completely dressed comparably. Pierrot with a white suit and blue suit, Harlequin in an outfit that has precious stone examples, and on the in that spot is a monk wearing a dark robe. At the faã §ade of the Pierrot, there is a table on it a funnel and various things as well, while under him is a canine whose tail is peeping out at the rear of the musician’s legs. All parts of this work of art involve level shapes and geometry. The artwork is portrayed by the utilization various surfaces, planes, collection fundamentals, papier Mache. It was a pioneer of montage components to be executed as key parts of a masterpiece. After World War I, Pablo Picasso painted one of his prestigious and well known works of art ever called â€Å"Bombing of Guernica†. This was a painting to decipher what the war was truly similar to, on the grounds that it was about how a guiltless family was mercilessly trapped in the core of the war. One could see this canvas and see various implications each time. It was a painting of acknowledged size on canvas of around eleven feet. This development advances since it was a resistance of the contemporary creative techniques for painting. These contemporary strategies kept firm principles and guidelines tying the creative idea of a craftsman.

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Virtual Reality-Graded Exposure Case Study

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Virtual Reality-Graded Exposure Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Active Duty Serv - Case Study Example Introduction treatment includes broadened presentation, implosion treatment, flooding, and methodical desensitization among others. There are various methodologies that have been utilized in the past to manage the posttraumatic stress issue which incorporate VR treatment (computer generated reality). This sort of treatment permits a person to go up against the past terrible involvement with a controlled and safe way. The augmented experience evaluated presentation treatment (VR-GET) is another strategy for fighting posttraumatic stress issue. This strategy consolidates physiological checking in the prior talked about VR treatment, it additionally incorporate preparing. This is a documentation of a randomized path, which remember conversations for explicit issues of posttraumatic stress issue treatments preliminaries in a military domain. This examination was intended to explore whether patients experiencing battle related posttraumatic stress issue are probably going to show notewort hy improvement in augmented reality evaluated introduction treatment (VR-GET) than the standard treatment. Technique The examination was a randomized preliminary of augmented reality evaluated introduction treatment (VR-GET) for the treatment of posttraumatic stress issue (PSTD) contrasted with the standard medications. ... The assessors to decide qualified members did screening and just members who meet the necessities for the investigation were incorporated. Qualified analysts led treatments on patients treated in the early period of the investigation and the treatments were done two times per week for each member. This continued for a time of ten weeks. Members were instructed parts of consideration and reflection control in the principal meeting of the treatment and the subsequent meeting included inspecting of the autonomic control and attentional preparing. The resulting meetings that followed included presenting the members to VR incitement of Afghanistan or Iraq most awful encounters. A few members were alloted VR-GET though others were allocated TAU. The factual examination included arranging the members if the posttraumatic stress issue (PTSD) either decreased or didn't diminish by 30%. The chi-square test with yattes relationship was utilized to think about the extents of respondents in VR-GE T and TAU. Fisher’s definite test was utilized to think about the straight out factors and t-test for contrasting consistent factors. Examination of fluctuation was additionally used to inspect gatherings and time changes in CAPS scores. Results, Discussions and Conclusion The examination had twenty members who met the incorporation models and ten were appointed the VR-GET while the staying doled out TAU. Post treatment evaluation was done after the ten weeks and one member didn't return for this appraisal. 70% of the members doled out VR-GET demonstrated a 30% or greater improvement. Under 30% of the members who were alloted TAU demonstrated enhancements. There was a wide variety in light of treatment with the VR-GET and TAU study

How to Prepare (and Recover) From Summer Storms for Less!

How to Prepare (and Recover) From Summer Storms for Less! How to Prepare (and Recover) From Summer Storms for Less! How to Prepare (and Recover) From Summer Storms for Less!Its basic science: Summer is the best.Between the longer days, the warmer weather, the sunshine and the liberal usage of tiny drink umbrellas, there just isnt a better season. But with all that warm air and spring moisture still hanging around, its also a recipe for summer storms.If youre earning a low-income, then you probably want to use your paychecks on something other than home and car repair this summer. So lets help you out with some expert advice on how to prepare for (and recover from) a summer storm.We talked to our favorite home, utility and financial experts to get some inside information on storm preparedness. So if you get some storm damage this season, dont turn to a payday or dangerous bad credit loan, just follow these tips instead!Before the Storm:The weatherman says a storm, tornado or hurricane is hitting your area  in the next 24â€"72 hours? What do you do?Our friend Matt Stock, President of US Waterproofin g, says:Even if your homes has no history of issues, heavy rains take a toll. Some frequently overseen preventative measures homeowners can quickly implement to avoid issues include:Check for clogged or blocked gutters.Check for oversaturated soil around the foundation of your home.Clean your window wells to make sure the drain doesn’t clog.Make sure window wells are properly sealed shut.Extend downspouts at least six to 10 feet away from your foundation.Everything has an expirationâ€"including sump pumps. Check them yearly.Most sump pumps only last fiveâ€"ten years.Follow your nose: Mold and mildew odors may be the result of a foundation leak. Wet conditions + Basement leak = mold. It doesn’t take much: a little moisture, air, and darkness. That’s all it takes for mold to take root and spread like a wildfire. If this happens, seek a free estimate.The plumbing and drain cleaning specialist at  Mr. Rooter Plumbing  offer these preventative measures:Locate your emergency water s hut-off valve and remove any shrubbery or obstructions. This valve may be located in the basement, crawl space or adjacent to the water heater. Test the water shut-off valve to be  sure that it is operational. If the shut-off valve is not operational, have it repaired or replaced.Turn off the emergency water shut-off valve if you are leaving your residence prior to a storm. This will help minimize damage to your  homes interior should a pipe burst inside your home. If you turn off the emergency shut-off valve, follow the manufacturers recommendations on turning off the electric for your tank-type. This is done through your main electric panel.If you have a natural gas or LP/Propane Gas  tank-type water heater, follow the manufacturers recommendations on turning off the  emergency gas shut-off valve to disable the gas supply. Some water heaters may be damaged if the water supply is turned off for an extended period of time.Locate your sewer clean-out lid and remove any shrubbery or o bstruction in case the clean-out needs to be located.Home and business window repair specialists Glass Doctor  recommend the following:High-impact glass is the most effective way to protect your windows and doors without affecting your homes curb appeal; however, a less expensive option is to cover your existing windows with a clear plastic hurricane film. This helps prevent glass from shattering when impacted by flying debris. Another option is installing storm windows and doors. This type of glass protection involves installing a second window or door over the existing one. This is a good option if you cant afford to replace your windows with high-impact glass, but you want more protection than hurricane film can offer.If you dont have high-impact glass, hurricane film or storm shutters, you can call an emergency board-up company to cover the outside of your windows and glass doors with plywood when a storm is approaching. Then if debris goes flying, the glass is safe. While it’ s certainly not an aesthetically pleasing method of protecting your windows, it’s cheaper than replacing broken glass.If you prefer to board up the windows yourself, you can follow these step-by-step directions  (also called out below).Take window measurements:  Using a tape measure, measure out the height and width of your window. For height, measure the window from top to bottom and subtract ¼ inch from this number. For width, measure the distance from one side of the window to the next, and again subtract ¼ inch from it. Make sure to label your measurements (eg. master bedroom) so that you will know exactly to which windows your measurements apply.Cover with Plywood:  Purchase 1/2-inch thick plywood for each window. This is where your measurements come in handy. Use the measurements to approximate the dimensions of the plywood youll need. Always make sure the plywood you purchase complies with any state inspection standards. Once you have the plywood in hand, youre ready to s tart boarding up your windows on the exterior side of your house. Place the plywood over your window; it should cover your window adequately.Secure with Steel Clips:  Secure the plywood into place by using carbon steel clips, which fastens the plywood inside your window casing. Carbon steel clips are available at any hardware store and take less time than drilling holes and securing the plywood with nails and screws. Clips give you a snug, solid fit and allow you to take down the plywood for storage and reuse later. The most popular brand of steel clips is Plylox. Simply cover the window with plywood, and then clip the plywood into the window casing. For windows that are 2424 inches or smaller, only two steel clips are necessary.But what about the risk of electrical surges, fires, and outages?  Mr. Appliance  has you covered:Install  a surge protector in your electrical panel that can protect your home’s appliances. This is a device intended to help protect electrical devices from voltage spikes caused by surges. These come in two main types:A box that plugs directly into a wall receptacleA strip with a power cord and multiple plug-in outlets. Using one of these devices is the most efficient option, and is more practical than trying to manually unplug all of your appliances ahead of the storm. Unplugging your appliances 24 to 72 hour in advance is not practical for all appliances, as the food in your refrigerator will likely spoil, and your frozen foods will thaw. In addition, dishwashers and ovens are often directly wired to the electrical supply, so a consumer may not be able to ‘unplug’ those devices.The folks at Rainbow International  offer these final storm preparedness tipsCheck doors, windows, and walls, such as areas where cables and pipes enter, for openings that could allow water to penetrate.Trim back any branches touching your home. If they rub your roof, they could pull parts of it off in a storm. Keep trees well pruned to allow wind to pass through with minimal damage and debris. Consider re-grading around trees to strengthen the ground and give roots something to cling to.Clear clutter and get rid of items you are no longer using, which can turn into projectiles. Bring lightweight outdoor items such as patio furniture, plants, toys, and trash cans inside.So thats protecting your home. But what if you have a small business? Maxime Rieman of CoverWallet, a small business insurance provider, has your, well, wallet covered.For small business owners, one of the simplest ways to get ahead of the potential costs associated with a storm is through appropriate insurance. There are a few key coverages to consider. Commercial property and business interruption policies provide coverage for the costs of damages associated with a storm, and will help you to cover costs such as lost income and relocation should you be impacted. A business owners policy actually combines these coverages, plus general liability protection, into a si ngle package. However, you need to understand that insurance comes with certain exclusions, and will often not cover earthquakes, floods or loss of electricity. If these are potential causes of loss for your business, generally dependent on if theyre common risks for your location, youll want to ask about a rider or additional coverage.Bill Begal of Begal Enterprises also has some interesting, business-specific, storm preparedness advice:What suppliers are used regularly? How they will or will they not be able to service your needs to keep you in business.  Take the time now to set up alternative contacts and sources to keep your pipeline full.Where are the digital media, licenses and backups kept?  If kept on site in a fire proof safe, they may not be safe.   The fire proof safe will be rated to keep items inside safe from fire, even up to an hour, but not necessarily protect those items from heat. You need a media cooler. Think of Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, paper self-combu sts once it reaches 451 degrees. If your vital documents, software licenses, CDs or thumb drives with important information are in a media cooler, in a fire proof safe, then you will be taking proper measure to truly protect yourself.Use off-site alternative office space. Some of my clients have back up and emergency space 40ndash60 miles from their current offices. It is an additional cost, but some feel it is worth while “just in case.”  At the “flip of a switch” email, phone and other communications can be re-routed to go through the emergency space if needed.If you have a home business, consider:Special insurance to cover your business and business personal propertyâ€"it most likely is not covered by your homeowners insurance, and if it is, it will be a minimal amount, at most.Check and read your insurance policyâ€"what IS and IS NOT covered?Keep good records and separate records. Prevent any reason for an insurer to deny a claim.Keep electronics off the floor. They nee d to breathe. Also keep them away from animals and water.Don’t overload circuitry as you grow. If youre almost big enough to get a bigger space, but not quite ready to take the leapâ€"don’t overload the circuits, or over use extension cords or outlet splitters.Many offices are in basementsâ€"check the drain or stairs often especially as seasons pass and storms are predicted.During the Storm:Okay, its here, and its really bad. Now youre not just thinking about your home, youre also thinking about your safety.Rainbow International  also recommends preparing for really dangerous weather byBuild an emergency kit:  You need food, water, and  basic disaster supplies, which include water, non-perishable food, a battery-powered radio, flashlight and extra batteries, and a first-aid kit,  to last 72 hours. Assemble your emergency kit well before severe weather strikes. You may have to evacuate at a moment’s notice, so keep your emergency kit in an easy-to-access place.Create a family c ommunication plan:  Your family may be scattered around town at school, work and daycare when a storm hits. That’s why you should  create a family communication plan  now. Establish  how you’ll get in touch, reunite and handle different situations. Make sure every family member has their parents’ and siblings’ cell phone numbers memorized.Peter Duncanson of ServiceMaster Restore  says:Consider building a FEMA safe room that provides near-absolute protection from hurricanes, or find out if anyone in your community has built one.Stay informed. Listening for timely information can make all the difference when preparing for a hurricane. Be on the lookout for National Weather Service (NWS) broadcast alerts for watches and warnings in your area, and sign up for your community’s text or email alert systems for emergency notifications.Rehearse taking shelter and practice how you will communicate with family members. It can also be in your best interest to take first aid training a nd emergency response classes so you can help in emergency situations.After the Storm:So you prepped as best you could, but once that storm passes, there is  still damage. And you have, like, no money for repairs. Now what?Glass Doctor  recommends the following:If your windows are damaged in severe weather, board up services cover the gaping hole so your home is protected from further storm damage, as well as burglary and vandalism. Whether used as a preventative or recovery method, board up services help prevent property damage, reduce the risk of liability and improve your chances of insurance coverage.Luckily, the folks at Rainbow International  recommendAfter a storm has hit, it’s important to start the rebuilding and recovery process quickly, especially if flooding has occurred. Seeping water is progressive, pervasive and can mean valuable objects may become permanently damaged if there’s no action in the first 48 hours.Stay tuned to your TV or radio during recovery for inf ormation on assistance available in your area through government.Contact your insurance agent to discuss any claims you need to make. Be prepared that typical homeowner’s insurance policies do not cover flood damage.Hire only professional contractors for cleanup and repair needs. Avoid any “drive-by” contractors that may try to scam you. It best to hire a reputable restoration company like Rainbow International.And finally, Peter Duncanson of ServiceMaster Restore  offers this good sense:Download the American Red Cross Emergency app for more information and tips on what to do after a hurricane so you can be as prepared as possible. To download, text “GETEMERGENCY” to 90999, search “American Red Cross” in the app store, or go to redcross.org/apps.Continue listening to the local radio station and checking local news apps and outlets for the latest updates and instructions for your area.Reach out. Find a way to contact your friends and family to tell them where you are an d what you need.Once authorities declare that it’s safe to go home, you may return. Do not try to return home before authorities say it is safe to do so.Safety first. Avoid driving or even walking in flood waters. Just 6 inches of moving water can knock you down, and rapidly-moving waters can sweep your vehicle away. Furthermore, flood water might be electrically charged by downed power lines. If you see any fallen power lines, call your utility company immediately. Do not assume someone else has already contacted them.Check the power. When you return home, turn off the power to your house if you are able to reach the breaker box safely, or ask your power company to cut power remotely. Standing water inside your home can create an electrical shock hazard.Check the structure. If your home’s structure or foundation appears unstable, do not attempt to go inside. Instead, immediately call for professional help and get a thorough assessment of the damage. Water damage after a hurrica ne can cause walls, ceilings and floors to swell, decay or collapse.Take inventory. Photograph and document all damages to your home and belongings to support any future insurance claims. After documenting the extent of the damage, you can begin cleanup and extract, dry and attempt to restore as many items as you can safely reach.Contact your insurance agent. As soon as possible after a storm, contact your insurance company or representative to check your coverage and start the process of filing a claim.Partner with professionals. Professional restoration companies like ServiceMaster Restore ® offer 24-hour emergency assistance to minimize the immediate and extended impact that a hurricane can have on your home. Our water damage restoration experts come equipped with the best practices and tools to extract water, dry your home and belongings, restore damaged items and prevent the development of mold so you can get back to normal as soon as possible after a hurricane.Have your own ti ps for dealing with storm damage for less? Let us know! You can find us on Twitter at  @OppLoans.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedINContributorsBill Begal  (@Begalenterprise) is the founder President of Begal Enterprises, Inc. a Disaster Restoration Company based in Rockville, MD serving clients nationwide. He led major projects and teams of up to 150 people after Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Jeanne, Katrina, Wilma Ike.   Industries served include Hospitality, Industrial, Retail, Manufacturing, Healthcare Class “A” Office and Real Estate. In 2007, Begal Enterprises was awarded The Restoration Industry Association’s “Phoenix Award.” Bill often authors, contributes and speaks to a variety of related periodicals, media outlets and trade groups on disaster preparedness, clean up, insurance, mold MRSA and has been relied upon over 100 times.Peter Duncanson is the Director of Systems Development for ServiceMaster Restore and Chairman of the Board of the Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification. With over 30 years of experience in the industry, Peter holds many certifications and his expert knowledge on all things home-related helps readers take simple, yet highly effective steps to safeguard their home and their family.Glenn Gallas  (@therightroad)  is the  Vice President of operations for  Mr.Rooter Plumbing. Glenn began his career at Mr. Rooter Plumbing beginning in Feb. 2000, as a franchisee in Hot Springs, Arkansas. Because of his success and achievements, he was offered the opportunity to become a Franchise Consultant before being promoted to Mr. Rooter Plumbing, Vice-President of Operations.Larry Patterson  (@GlassDoctor1) is the owner of  Glass Doctor  in Dallas, Texas. Glass Doctor is a global franchise company providing home and auto glass repair, maintenance and installation. Larry has been a franchisee/business owner of Glass Doctor since 2003, served on the company’s leadership council and was named Franchisee of the Year in 2011.Maxime Rieman  (@CoverWallet)  spend her time educating and assisting shoppers about financial products has been Maxime Riemans focus, which led her to joining CoverWallet, a startup dedicated to simplifying insurance for small businesses. Previously, she launched the personal insurance team at NerdWallet, and helped create an innovative brokerage comparison product.Doug Rogers  is the president of Mr. Appliance  has been on the frontline of efforts at Dwyer Group ® to maximize the efficiency of its franchisees. He also focuses on continuously improving internal and external customer satisfaction. Doug joined Mr. Appliance in March 2004 as the vice president of operations and was named president of Mr. Appliance in June 2006 and president of ZorWare, also known as Z-Ware, in February 2007. Doug was twice awarded Outstanding Contributor at Whirlpool Corporation and was also awarded the Presidents Choice Award at Dwyer Group in 2007.Matt Stock  (@U SWaterpoofing) is a  third-generation family member in the basement waterproofing business, Matt began assisting his family in all things basements when he was 12 years old. He officially began working for U.S. Waterproofing as a teenager, learning the ropes and proving himself before officially taking the company reigns in 2014.Mark Welstead  (@RainbowIntl)  is the president of  Rainbow International  and is responsible for the overall leadership, initiative and growth of the thirty-year-old company, including sales and operational support. His previous roles include Chief Financial Officer, Board of Directors, and Vice President of Finance for several manufacturing, construction and service companies in the southwest. In addition to Mark’s corporate experience, he has also worked for a number of businesses on a management consultant basis. These include commercial roofing, commercial and residential HVAC, franchise pest control, warehousing, distribution and third party logisti cs, as well as small manufacturing startups. Mark earned his BBA in Accounting from Baylor University.

All Quiet on the Western Front - 943 Words

The book All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque, is about a group of 19 year old young men who are changed by the ways of war. There is paul: the main character; Tjaden: a tall, skinny locksmith, also the biggest eater; Albert Kropp: a lance-corporal and the clearest thinker; Muller: studious, intelligent, and likes school; Leer: has a preference for the girls from the prostitution houses and has a beard; Haie Westhus: a peat-digger, and big in size; Deterring: a peasant, he always thinks of his farm and his wife; Stanislaus Katczinsky: He is 40 years old, cunning and the leader of the group. Each of the boys experience a variety of struggle because of the war. Remarque uses the views of the characters to argue his opinion patriotism, honor, war and bravery. All Quiet on the Western Front argues many thoughts on war, patriotism being one of them. From reading All Quiet on the Western Front, you can see that Remarque is not fond of war. He uses the experiences of his characters to let every reader know the consequences of patriotism. Patriotism is not necessarily a bad thing but it is thrown on young men as the sine qua non of life. Kantorek, the schoolteacher of the boys, persuaded Paul and his friends to join the war. In the book, Paul has bitter feelings toward Kantorek because he feels tricked and deceived into the war. In the book it says, â€Å"The idea of authority, which they represented, was associated in our minds with a greater insight and a moreShow MoreRelatedAll Quiet of the Western Front756 Words   |  3 PagesPlot Summary: All Quiet on the Western Front Written by Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front is the tale of a young man by the name of Paul. Paul who is nineteen years old gathers several of his friends from school and together they voluntarily join the army fighting for the Axis alliance. Before they are sent off into actual battle, they are faced with the brutal training camp. Along with this they face the cruelty of the life of a soldier. This made them question the reason forRead MoreAll Quiet on the Western Front700 Words   |  3 PagesThe greatest war novel of all time, All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque, is a novel that depicted the hardships of a group of teenagers who enlisted in the German Army during World War 1. Enlisting right out of high school forced the teens to experience things they had never thought of. From the life of a soilder on the front line to troubles with home life, war had managed to once again destroy a group of teenagers. Throughout the novel, we saw the men of the Second CompanyRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1797 Words   |  8 PagesTitle: All Quiet on the Western Front Creator: Erich Maria Remarque Date of Publication: 1929 Class: War Novel Anecdotal Information about Author: -Erich Maria Remarque was conceived on 22 June 1898 into a working people family in the German city of Osnabrà ¼ck to Peter Franz Remark (b. 14 June 1867, Kaiserswerth) and Anna Maria (nà ©e Stallknecht; conceived 21 November 1871, Katernberg). -During World War I, Remarque was recruited into the armed force at 18 years old. On 12 June 1917, heRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front2393 Words   |  10 PagesAll Quiet on the Western Front: Book Review Erich Maria Remarque, author of All Quiet on the Western Front, actually fought in WWI (Remarque 297). Because of this, he was able to write this book with accurate depictions of the war. He writes how being in combat can really take a toll on a person and affect them in a negative way. He also writes of the pain and suffering that the soldiers must cope with that comes along with living in constant fear and danger. When looking at the title of theRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front2085 Words   |  9 PagesThis essay will consider the different effects created by Erich Maria Remarque in his novel All Quiet on the Western Front. As a writer, Remarque unknowingly left his novel open to readers with completely different perspectives, and to various forms of criticism. This undoubtedly meant that every single reader had been affected by the novel in many different ways which unfortunately for Remarque may have been an effect that he never intended. This essay is divided into 5 main sections. Firstly itRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1089 Words   |  5 Pages In Erich Maria Remarque’s novel, All Quiet on the Western Front, human nature is the only abstract periphery between belligerent barbarism and justifiable violence. Through the insipid bombardments that rained shells over the Germans’ heads and noxious implementation of mustard gas, Remarque dexterously misleads the reader into believing that he fights in an apathetic war where all remnants of human nature and identity have been destroyed with the introduction of trench warfare. Through Paul Baumer’sRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1509 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"He fell in October 1918, on a day that was so quiet and still on the whole front, that the army report confined itself to a single sentence: All quiet on the Western Front† (Remarque 296). Paul Baumer, the narrator of All Quiet on the Western Front, enlisted into the German army at a young age of nineteen with a group of friends from school. Kantorek, Paul’s teacher, â€Å"gave us long lectures until the whole of our class went, under his shepherding, to the District Commandant and volunteered† (RemarqueRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1129 Words   |  5 PagesIn Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front, soldiers at the front have a better idea than civilians of the true n ature of war because they have experienced the war while civilians have only read about it or listened to government propaganda. Remarque is trying to tell us that only those who experience the war can understand how awful war truly is. In All Quiet on the Western Front, the main character Paul goes back to his home, the people he meets still think that the Germans are winningRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1790 Words   |  8 Pagessmell of cigar smoke, gunpowder, and dirt that filled the air. There was no nationalism; all Paul wanted was survival. World War I was supposed to be about nationalism and the propaganda forced upon the soldiers to feel superiority over other countries, but Paul helps to prove otherwise, as his story tells what is was like to be at the front, and how tough it was to be a soldier. â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† portrays war as it was actually experienced, replacing the romantic picture of glory andRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1754 Words   |  8 Pagesthe battle field as a heroic figure that would gladly die for his county’s honor. Erich Maria Remarque’s â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front†, paints a vividly different picture than one of a patriotic soldier willing to be at war. Remarque’s work masterfully shows that the soldier’s expectations of war could not be any further from society’s concept of warfare. â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† follows a young and innocent soldier, Paul Baumer, through the living Hell that is World War I. Through

Persuasive Essay On Relapses - 1292 Words

Chapter 5: How Relapse isn’t just about â€Å"Falling of the wagon† It’s more about how you get back on â€Å"Relapses can have devastating consequences for people with mental disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, or an anxiety disorder. After every relapse, it may become increasingly difficult to regain control over the symptoms. For this reason, it is especially important for people with a mental disorder to do all that is possible to reduce the risk of a relapse† When it comes to relapse, most of us think of it as being related to addiction. Even though it is related to addiction problems, what addiction and mental health have in common is the phrase relapse can applied to both. Even though it’s used in a different†¦show more content†¦Due to not having these tools, what happens is two things, you’re not able to recognize specific things that trigger the relapse in the first place. Also when you don’t have these tools, your understanding of how your behaviour plays into your own relapse, can either help you or the opposite. In order to get the proper tools, you need to first fully understand yourself and outside factors that come into play. When dealing with your health and wellness, because if you don’t have an understanding of everything that you come in contact with throughout your daily life. Then what’s going to happen is your not going to be aware of everything that comes into play. The things that you’re not aware of, they’re going to constantly play a role in how you keep repeating the same behavioral patterns over and over again. With doing nothing but having the same unproductive results time and time again. There’s also social aspects of relapse, what they are basically is when you stop doing something unhealthy and eventually restart doing it, because you feel that you quit the negative habit for a certain amount of time. So it’s alright to treat yourself, and do that habit. Depending on what the habit is and also how badly that habit affected you. This can be considered a treat or relapse, as an example anShow MoreRelatedDescribe What Comprises a Comprehensive Cbt Case Study – Evaluate the Use of Case Studies in Therapy.1735 Words   |  7 Pagesstudies in CBT therapy help document the therapeutic process for both the client and therapist, as well measures, tests interventions, and evaluates practice for the therapist, and for the client in terms of measuring success or not (McLeod 2010). This essay will describe what comprises a comprehensive CBT case study and concludes by evaluating their use in therapy. Referral in CBT can come from the individual themselves, GP’s, social services, probation/prison service or another therapist and may includeRead MoreCommon Pharmacological Treatments For Alcohol Dependence1803 Words   |  8 Pagessubstantial burden of disease and disability in both developed and developing countries† (Babor, 2008). Moreover, the aim to archive social standardisation seems to be lagged behind. Therefore, it is imperative to eradicate this serious problem. This essay will examine three common pharmacological treatments for alcohol dependence: Disulfiram, Acamprosate and Naltrexone and its possible problems. Then it will argue that Acamprosate is the most effective treatment and some recommendations such as combinationalRead MoreBeyond Visual Metaphor. a New Typology of Visual Rhetoric in Advertising9528 Words   |  39 Pagesconsumers draw structural analogies between the two comparison images; people tend to assume that if things look alike, they shar e deeper essences as well (Gibbs, 1994: 57). Figures of similarity allow advertisers to exploit this assumption for persuasive purposes. In the operation of comparison aimed at opposition, the visual figure suggests that two images are different in some way (‘A is not like B because . . .’) and invites 119 Downloaded from mtq.sagepub.com by Silvia Dumitru on October 11Read MoreFun with Literature10373 Words   |  42 Pagesmaybe hundreds. â€Å"All right. But it better be good.† â€Å"Oh, it is.† Donatti leaned back. â€Å"I told you we were pragmatists here. As pragmatists, we have to start by realizing how difficult it is to cure an addiction to tobacco. The relapse rate is almost eight-five per cent. The relapse rate for heroin addicts is lower than that. It is an extraordinary problem. Extraordinary.† Morrison glanced into the wastebasket. One of the cigarettes, although twisted, still looked smokeable. Donatti laughed good-naturedly

Poetic Literature the 10 Plagues Free Essays

God in this time period and now is a very powerful being. He has the knowledge of what is good and what is evil. Pharaoh in the book of Exodus tests God’s patience and power by continuing to deceive him as well as Moses, and Aaron. We will write a custom essay sample on Poetic Literature: the 10 Plagues or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this paper I plan to compare and contrast the ten plagues in the bible, Exodus 7:14-12:36 with Psalms 78:44-51 and 105:28-36 as well as explain how the authors of each psalm view the story of the plagues. In Exodus, it speaks about how the Pharaoh is unyielding to letting the Egyptian slaves go free so that they can worship to God. God initially had send Moses, who was made like God to the Pharaoh, and Aaron, Moses’ prophet, to warn Pharaoh to let God’s people go. Each and every time this request was asked of Pharaoh, he would lie about freeing his slaves, then, harden his heart and change his mind. This made God very angry and this is how the plagues began. The first plague started with the River Nile being turned into blood. This was God’s initial idea of getting Pharaoh to do what he wants and by removing the source of water would surely get his attention. However, that was not the case and the Pharaoh’s heart hardened. This pattern between God, Moses, Aaron, and the Pharaoh continued throughout nine more plagues after the first. The plagues that occurred after the Nile River turning into blood were frogs, gnats, flies, livestock/pestilence, boils, hail, locusts, darkness, and finally the death of the first born of every living being and animal in Egypt. The final plague is what we now know as Passover. I noticed in the first Psalm account of the ten plagues (Ps. 78:44-51), only seven of the ten plagues were mentioned. It started with turning the river into blood, followed by a swarm of flies, frogs, then locusts, hail, the killing of livestock, and finally the killing of the firstborn of every human and animal of Egypt. This psalm only has eight stanzas and if you notice the plagues are not in the same order as the ones in the book of Exodus. Instead of using the words gnats (used in Exodus) that word is replaced with caterpillars. The plagues of boils and darkness were not used in this Psalm also. Psalms 78:44-51 is of a Yahwistic narrative. God seems like a parental figure so to speak. It seems like it is just punishment because of the Pharaoh’s ignorance and his follower’s obliviousness. Like parents with children if one child messes up, the other siblings tend to feel part of the punishment as well and this is what I feel happened to the people of Egypt. The Yahwist tradition basically explains the relationship between God and man and to present sin and how man should be like God. Also, there is a level of communication that shows the relationship between human beings and God; a level of closeness and relationship growth. In the second account of the plagues in Psalm 105:28-36, this too is not in the same order as the ones in Exodus. It starts off with God sending darkness over the land then turning the river into blood, followed by a swarm of frogs, flies, gnats, hail, livestock, locusts, and again ending with the killing of the first born of every human and animal in Egypt. This Psalm has nine stanzas and this time boils was the only plague not used. To compare to the plagues in Exodus there is one way communication to show that God is all powerful and we are to never think that we are greater than him. For example, In Ex. 7:6, God directs Moses and Aaron to take a message to the Pharaoh and they did just as the Lord asked. Psalms 105:28-36 is written in a priestly fashion. The priestly narrative speaks on how angry God was and says that he did not spare anyone’s lives and left them all in the hands of the plague and the company of the destroying angels. It makes it seem like God in this psalm is mean with no remorse for anyone – monster like. To conclude, I feel that historical accuracy is equally important to ancient writers as well as the readers who choose to read their script. In the case of the plagues and the two psalm accounts relating to them, I think the reason why Ex. 7:14-12:36 and the two Ps. 78:44-51 and 105:28-36, are not in agreement in terms of order and number is because they were written by two authors with different views. I think that creating different versions of the same story is not a major problem for the biblical editors because it is nice to read a story and have the opportunity to see it in two different perspectives so that you can draw your own conclusion. How to cite Poetic Literature: the 10 Plagues, Essay examples

Internal and External Environments of Bargain and Haggle, LLC free essay sample

A discussion on the necessity of knowledge about the external environment, competitors, changing marketplace and the regulatory arena of companies in maintaining a competitive edge. The following paper examines Bargain And Haggle, LLCs external and internal environments, a company formed by an employee-led group from Mindpepper, LLC with the goal of continuing the day-to-day operations, marketing, and customer support www.bargainandhaggle.com. This paper looks at the companys external strengths, weaknesses, external threats and business strategies. Bargain and Haggles customers are bargain-hunters, looking for a deal on anything from their next pair of shoes to a house. The advantages of the business are it is open 24 hours a day, seven days a week. It is faster and easier than buying at an on-site store, new items can be purchased and old items sold, and the prices are cheaper than retail. The competitors of Bargain and Haggle include Ebay, Half. We will write a custom essay sample on Internal and External Environments of Bargain and Haggle, LLC or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page com, TJ Maxx, and EZ Pawn Corp. Ebay and Half.com are very similar to Bargain and Haggle because a customer can both buy and sell on-line. The difference is that eBay.com is the most popular shopping site on the Internet. eBay offers online trading and buying in the auction-style and fixed price on a local, national and international basis.

Joe DEustachio Essays (843 words) - Leadership,

Joe D'Eustachio Current Topic Report The field of business management continues to evolve as organizations engage in the ever-changing global market. After years of unscrupulous corporate leaders managing and leading some of the world's biggest corporations to failure, researchers and business leaders realize the need for ethical and sound leadership. The need for ethical and sound leadership helps to facilitate and manage daily operations and to sustain their competitive advantage within the global economy. However, with this evolution, numerous research studies add to the understanding of leadership theories and the effects on organizational climate and culture. The following findings concentrate on research limitations, ethical standards, analysis of data and conclusions as they relate to the field of business management and research. Previously research conducted about leadership and management explained organizational culture and climate as employee driven behaviors with little regard to leadership styles. T he research explained employee personalities and outside influences as determents to organizational effectiveness with no relationship to leadership style or management . These studies presented a plethora of findings, as well as management theorists who supported these theories and often placed blame on employees for company failures frequently praising managers for successes. However, the question of leadership style enhances and stimulates an organization's climate and culture remains a topic for further research. Currently, the exploration of leadership theories encourages leadership styles that focus on participatory engagement, embracing of teamwork and service before self, encourage teamwork, and respect versus old styles involving autocratic and bureaucratic management styles . Two of the most recent theories to emerge within the 21st century involve servant and transformational leadership styles. In research conducted about servant leadership, researchers gave divergent views on the style and actual outcomes pertaining to organizational climate and culture . In a study conducted by Parris and Peachey, the reporting method of research utilized previous studies and articles about servant leadership and the underlying connections versus other methods . With a synopsis of various studies collated the findings revealed variances in definitions of servant leadership, measurements as they pertain to data analysis and varying degrees of limitations in research and conclusion of effectiveness . While the authors conducted a method of research dependent on previously written articles and data, the limitations of actual data and findings lessen the potential of skewed data and probable questions of ethical standards . Limitations revealed the lack of a clear definition pertaining to servant leadership, the attributes and organizational effectiveness. However, in a study conducted by Choudhary , research examined the impact of servant and transformational leadership as catalyst in sustaining corporate competitive advantage. The research considers the importance of organizational performance and the influential factors concerning leadership style. The purpose of the study defines its purpose by explaining the desire for comparison of two leadership styles and the potential outcomes of corporation effectiveness. The proposal of the study utilizes a descriptive method, which accounts for data collection and analysis of information. While the study examines the impact of both leadership styles in a non-profit environment it states the limitation as they apply to the public sector and the potential ethical dilemmas faced when applied incorrectly. In a study referring to non-profit leadership styles, the researchers examine the transformational leadership style and theories as they pertain the advantages to organizational climate and culture . The researchers defined the study as understanding leadership style effectiveness on organizational members and the impression derived from various styles. The design of the research assessed the psychological readiness of employees relating to leadership styles and the level of receptiveness to particular leadership styles. The research explained limitations while adequately explaining findings and conclusions made based on the study further providing data analysis and samples of hypothesis utilized for the research. The emergence of understanding leadership style and organizational climate/culture continues to foster divergence and misinterpretation between the variables. Current research centers on the characteristics of leadership styles and competitive advantage and the resulting mechanisms involved with upholding the direction of the company. Nevertheless, the studies ultimately affect climate and culture when striving to meet the organization's strategic goals and effectiv eness and management of organizations. As leaders and ma nagers, profit usually entails a strategy, which encompasses meeting the needs

Gaining a competitive advantag essays

Gaining a competitive advantag essays Gaining a competitive advantage through ERP Organizations today confront new markets, new competition and increasing customer expectations. Thus today's organizations have to constantly re-engineer their business practices and procedures to be more and more responsive to customers and competition. In the 1990's Information technology and Business Process re-engineering, used in conjunction with each other, have emerged as important tools which give organizations the leading edge. The efficiency of an enterprise depends on the quick flow of information across the complete supply chain i.e. from the customer to manufacturers to supplier. ERP (Enterprise resource planning) systems, have been a major information technology that has been used by businesses today, in hopes of gaining a competitive advantage. But this advantage seems only plausible if the implementation is coupled with process re-engineering, as well. ERP is an enterprise wide system that integrates primary business applications, including all areas and levels of an organization. All the applications in an ERP suite share a common set of data that is stored in a central database. It aims to serve as a backbone for your whole computing business, integrating key business and management processes to provide a sky-level view of much of what's going on in your organization. A typical ERP system provides applications for accounting and controlling, production and materials management, quality management, plant maintenance, sales and distribution, human resources, and project management. In the 1990s, most companies have experienced business process re-engineering and implemented ERP or other packaged software. ERP is difficult to implement. Often, firms adapt their business processes to the ERP system, rather than the other way around. This translates to using business processes similar to those of competitors and losing competitive advantage. Moreover, ERP systems only ad...

Simple Profit Maximizing Perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Simple Profit Maximizing Perspective - Essay Example Firms use these strategies as the spring board for their activities towards profit realization. These strategies introduce both positive and negative results to the organization. Positivity arises when the firm meets its targets and rewards employees and shareholders. Negative results arise when managers concentrate on personal development instead of the firm’s goals. The firm may also engage in unethical practices in order to achieve its profit goals. Therefore, there is need for strategic management of the firm’s profit strategies to prevent the workers from going overboard to introduce negative impacts to the firm. Profit maximization perspectives Total revenue- total cost Total revenues are derived from the amount a firm receives from the sale of its output. Total costs include all expenses incurred by a firm in buying the inputs required in the production process (Grant, 2002). This perspective begins with determining the optimum quantity of output that will maximi ze profits. The quality of the output is also considered in the planning stage. Firms processing high quality products attract several customers, which increases their revenue. A firm is considered profitable when the total revenues exceed the total costs. As illustrated in the diagram below, the curve illustrates profit maximization point for a firm in a perfect competition market. The optimal level of output at which the firm should operate to maximize profits is point C. At this point, the total profit curve is also at its maximum; therefore the firm can maximize its profits. Figure 1.0 Total revenue-total cost curve Source: Journal of Political Economy, 108 (3): 604-631. Marginal revenue- marginal cost This perspective holds that for each unit sold, a deduction of marginal cost from the marginal revenue will result to a marginal profit. At a certain level of output, the marginal profit becomes positive when marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost (Smith, Ferrier & Ndofor, 2001). This firm can adopt this level as the optimum level of production and the number of units produced should not fall below this level. Where the marginal cost exceeds the marginal revenue, the firm is making marginal losses, and this is an indication that the firm should produce fewer units of output. When the marginal cost is equal to the marginal revenue, the marginal profit is zero and the firm is considered to be maximizing profits. The goals of a firm are crucial as they are the elements that lay a foundation for understanding, predicting and interpreting different profit behaviors experienced by different firms. Some profit maximization strategies may have a conflict with the employees of the firm leading to negative impacts. Profit maximization perspectives limit the ability to understand how the firms utilize different methods and techniques to achieve their goals and objectives. The agency theory gives the relationship between the ownership structure of a firm and the profit maximization objective. The theory demarcates ownership from control of corporate organizations (Berle, & Means, 2006). This leads to a nonprofit maximizing behavior if managerial and individual needs have a mismatch with the profit goal of the organizational. This is common in firms where the managers have different goals from those governing the entire firm. The managers strife to achieve and maximize personal utility and they end up compromising the profit targets of the firm (Gupta et al., 2004). In microeconomic theory, it is argued that only

Human Resource Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resource Interview - Essay Example This is in a bid to have a point where employees can be recruited, selected, trained, and given the necessary guidelines to pursue their responsibilities. This paper summarizes an interview I conducted with Kevin Warns the HR manager of Wabash Valley Power Association (Price, 2011). Kevin Warns is the Human Resource (HR) manager at Wabash Valley Power Association which has its headquarters at Terre Haute, Indiana. Kevin lives in within Delaware, Indiana with his family and his address is Delaware, Indiana 569034-001 and phone number is (302) 654-0000. He can be reached through the office email address kevin@wabashvalley.org as the human resource manager who has been with the company for the past 5 years. Kevin involvement in human resource development stems from various companies and he has eleven years of experience, Wabash Valley offers wholesale circulation of power in 28 cooperatives within Indiana, Illinois among others. Kevin duties and responsibilities include ensuring that Wa bash Valley Power Association generates efficient programs that enhance the reputation of its employees. This means focusing on ensuring that Wabash Valley employees have the right skills, attitude and expertise to complete their jobs efficiently. This means that he coordinates recruiting, selection and hiring employees while at the same time training as well as guiding them to fulfill their duties efficiently. It is his duty in coordination with the training manager to evaluate, monitor, and counsel employees so that they can achieve their full potential. In addition, he takes the responsibility of ensuring the employees are working in a safe and secure environment. This means guaranteeing that they have the right tools and equipment necessary for completing their tasks efficiently (Price, 2011). Kevin has the role of creating compensation plans, appreciation policies, direct compensation, and reward as well as punishment. It is imperative to deal with job-related accidents, employ ment lawsuits, and any unresolved conflicts among employees. Kevin uses his tools and abilities to foster growth in employees within the company. For instance, he focuses on encouraging employees to maximize the level of sales using training procedures, enhancing engagement levels, and sending focused workers to educational seminars. It is clear from the interview that Kevin preserves management procedures by, modernizing, and endorsing human resource polices that have the potential to accomplish goals of Wabash Valley. Kevin indicated that he participates in team effort to complete result oriented duties that are essential to the company (Sims, 2007). Kevin argues that HR manager requires various competencies, skills and knowledge to successfully achieve human resource development, the first competence is having knowledge of the business and its operations. It is paramount for HR to realize the business strategy, how the business generates money, technological practices involved, a nd organization potential among others. The HR manager ought to have understanding of various business fields like finance, marketing, Information Technology, operations and management. Kevin suggests that HR director should have awareness of â€Å"Best Practices† necessary to deliver quality services. In this way, continuous process of enhancing expertise in their filed and awareness of high tech best practices in recruiting, development, compensation, performance execution among other HR duties. Kevin emphasizes the need to deliver exceptional skills of people management and focus in a bid to take the business to its next level (Price, 2011). In addition, Kevin indicates that HR manager must have the capability to change management skills in a flexible manner.

Developing Corporate Entrepreneurship

Developing Corporate Entrepreneurship Introduction Todays economy is experiencing its ups and downs very quickly: rising competitiveness and fast changing technologies create pressure to the companies that want to stay at the top of their markets. This is not going to slow down, so the need for tools of success is arising. At the same time we are moving away from the Morris and Kuratko (2002) belief that entrepreneurs are born, not made. That is why the wanting, believing, hoping, planning must be followed by doing. As already Confucius said: When it is obvious that the goals cannot be reached, dont adjust the goals, adjust the action steps. It is time for action and one form of it that suits different businesses nowadays is Corporate Entrepreneurship (CE). As it was stated by Sharma and Chrisman (1999), corporate entrepreneurship is the process whereby an individual or group of individuals, in association with an existing organization, create a new organization or instigate renewal or innovation within that organization. There are lots of definitions for CE nowadays, but all of them do not change the fact that CE is a tool for differentiation and competitive advantage in todays economy. In order to make a go of this phenomenon, organizations have to develop their strategies how to implement the entrepreneurial spirit in the everyday practices. In this way corporate entrepreneurship spontaneous or induced by the company itself will be not rare and unexpected, but in contrary, become a tool of overcoming inside issues, as well as external pressures. Corporate Entrepreneurship and Human Resource Management A lot of researches, studies were conducted in order to discover the inevitable truth that CE positively affects the performance of a company: it creates competitive advantages, helps to differentiate, adapt to new or quickly changing markets, and deal with external and internal challenges. As CE is seen as a multifaceted tool, the intensity of CE in an organization can be described by five different dimensions identified in a meta-analysis by Saly (2001): innovativeness, risk propensity, proactiveness, corporate venturing and self-renewal. When creating an organizational structure, as well as inside culture, these dimensions should be a scale measuring the future success of a company. Dealing with the globalization and fast moving changes, a company must take risks, be proactive and strive for innovation. Nurturing these traits, adapting to the environment (self-renewal) and fostering creation of something valuable that generates returns are CE key success factors in the economy of today. Of course no CE can be fostered without Human Capital (HC). In order to become an innovative, entrepreneurial organization needs the knowledge, skills, experience the HC can provide. This is why HC should be one of the most important and valuable assets for every organization. Investing in HC should be a first step towards building and encouraging the entrepreneurial direction of the overall company. As from the employee-organization relations (EOR) literature (Rhoades and Eisenberger, 2002), the strongest influencers of employee affect are the organizations leaders. Their Human Recourse Management (HRM) practices can valuably contribute to effective enhancement of CE. Different HRM techniques can create a suitable inside culture for an organization to become innovative, flexible and more entrepreneurial. Each HRM practice can be addressed to different employee characteristics and in this way design the employee-organization relationships towards a collective entrepreneurial collaboration. Therefore EOR strengthened with HRM practice can become an efficient tool for creating a collective entrepreneurial atmosphere inside any organization. As organizations nowadays become living entities, diving into the trend of organizational learning, there is less fear that it will develop a strategy and become stagnant. That is why the HRM practices also evolve during the life of a company. Introducing new projects, renewal of the staff with different KSAOs (knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics) needed at the time, allocating resources needed for development and inside learning all this organizational support is now more a necessity than luxury. So, understanding that without a learning attitude and readiness to change according the situation, any HRM practices will not be able to influence the companys corporate entrepreneurship level, is vital. Following the idea of George Bernard Shaw: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything. HRM practices fostering CE inside the company HRM practices should be an important driver of CE because it involves organizational learning driven by collaboration, creativity, and individual commitment (Kaya, 2006). To foster CE in a company the first task is the set up of internal culture and environment (studies show there have to be available resources, management support and a reliable organizational structure right at the beginning in order for a company could start entrepreneurial activities). Following different studies conducted on the topic of CE and HRM practices, how to establish a suitable internal environment for intrapreneurship seems to be based on these organizational arrangements/managerial tools: Staff selection the objective of staff selection is to form an appropriate resource base of HC to foster entrepreneurial activity. As the HC of any company is one of the most important facilitators of CE, selective hiring can be a tool for influencing the CE level. The selection criteria should fit the organizations culture, be in line with the CE dimensions and reflect the needs of the company. During the process of selecting staff it is beneficial to think about the skills needed in the industry the company operates, how the employees could work together and create a brain trust. Emphasizing the team spirit is very important, because the prominence of collective entrepreneurship is growing. New members should have new ideas and complement the staff by being different and experts of their own sphere. New management staff should have relevant KSAOs, be creative, strive for action and be supportive. Finally, a possibility to grow in ones own career should also be seen during this process, because it will serve as a motivation tool and foster better environment in the company. Management support the positive attitude as well as encouragement of the higher hierarchy levels of the company for generating and developing new business ideas. Management support is important because it indicates the willingness of the managers to facilitate, promote and institutionalize the entrepreneurial spirit and activity within the organizations system and processes (Hornsby et al., 2002) which would encourage the intrapreneurs to engage in innovative projects. If the organization provides support and some autonomy it can then count on the commitment coming from employees. Still coordinating the use of resources, contributing to the fulfillment of the separate individual suggestions or efforts will end up with an increase of overall efficiency. Management support for problem solving and conflict resolution in the intrapreneurship process is required in the idea generation, development, and particularly implementation (execution) stages of the ideas (Damanpour, 1991). This will positively influence a corporations entrepreneurial behavior and enhance potential intrapreneurs perceived trustworthiness to their corporations in terms of detecting opportunities and willingness to develop novel or useful ideas, and/ or projects, and to take risks to actualize them (Stevenson and Jarillo, 1990). Internal supportive environment, tolerance for risk taking to their intrapreneurs, and a high quality HC will contribute to the innovative performance. Companys 3M approach could be taken as an illustration of the management support importance. This firm understood and experienced that capable and motivated employees can turn the company into a profitable, innovative and successful organization. That is why the management was trying to create an environment that supports individual entrepreneurship: a climate that stimulates ordinary people to produce extraordinary performances. Allocation of free time provision of sufficient time to work on developing novelties without any burden of routine workload. Delivery of free time inevitably encourages employees to take risks for putting their novel ideas into practice. When given time for convincing the management level about your project success, employees are not so distracted from their main duties and usually show more commitment towards the company. But this creates a necessity for additional control that the allocated free time would be used for purposes that benefit both sides. Here it comes out that before any significant changes there is a need of HRM practices that boost mutual understanding, better ties between employees and the organization, and make sure their values and visions are on the same path. Organizational structure should be convenient concerning decentralization level or decision-making autonomy. Employees should have the opportunity to express and suggest their ideas easily. The suitable decentralization level differs among every company, but it is a tool to become more flexible, innovative, and active suit the dimensions of CE. If organization provides autonomy for employees who actually carry out the work, this will stimulate their commitment to act in the best way for the company. Having a balanced relationship between autonomy and discipline creates an environment where employees can act, take weighted risks and innovate towards successful outcomes of the company. Companies that are becoming rigid really slow down all the innovative processes as well as cannot implement all of the possible improvements. When thinking about new ventures, projects in order to boost the competitive advantage and profitability of the company it is important they fit the organization in terms of context and organizational structure. There is a possibility to foster integrated or separate CE. For better understanding of the importance of these practices some companies can be taken as an example. Analyzing the case of the company Polaroid, one can see that the impact of bureaucracy, biases and downsizing was a big obstacle for nurturing inside entrepreneurship. The company was big-sized and stagnant, becoming a market follower. The entrepreneur in this company (Joline Godfrey) experienced difficulties to introduce her project because of the hard-to-reach attention of the managers, not flexible organization culture. The inside culture was also not women-friendly and did not show enough interest in projects that were not fully in the area the company operated. In such cases, when an organization becomes rigid, does not answer market needs mostly because of the compilation, slow processes CE must be fostered and implemented. One of the first steps should be an entrepreneurial-oriented structure that allocates the power of decision making not to the higher level employers, but takes into account the employees who know the most about the projects being undertaken. In the case of Lucent (a telecommunication equipment manufacturer), their New Venture Group formed a separate organizational entity. This entity was operating as a base of research for new opportunities, products, and businesses. Being separate has its advantages, because in this way the formed CE device does not suffer from the bureaucratic rules of the parent company, still can use the support needed, creates its own inside environment and culture that can foster CE more easily. That is why, when forming new entrepreneurial project each company has to evaluate its fit in the organization. Usually small projects are of better use inside the company: they can be accessible for all employees, motivate them to work on their projects too, but at the same time not to be too distracted from the mainstream of the company. An example of such an approach would be the case of the company Ohio Bell. The program ENTER-PRIZE (Excellence Through Employee Innovation) was designed in order to support, reward the employees who had ideas how to cut operating costs or generate revenues. This program was an implemented cultural change of the Ohio Bell company. Being nurtured inside the company and connected with all employees, this project had the best place inside the company, fitting the mainstream operations and concept. Fostering innovative ideas, this program was also a good example of the power of rewards towards CE growth. Incentives and rewards availability of a performance based reward system encouraging innovativeness is a way to foster entrepreneurship among employees. If the management tries to convince the employees to act like intrapreneurs, it must also be willing to pay them as entrepreneurs (Thornberry, 2003). Having trust in the rewarding system boosts the employee commitment, willingness to take risks and reveal the projects that could benefit both sides. A reward system that is based on achievements in innovation projects, may lead the brightest and most ambitious players to avoid innovation projects with uncertain outcomes. Building a reward system shows a positive attitude towards the employees and can significantly increase their motivation to benefit the organization. It is important to see the reward practices as a long-term thing, make resources available and not punish the employees straight after the first failure of an entrepreneurial project. Failure or errors tolerance in case of creative undertakings or risky project implementations. Such showed tolerance together with managerial support is a strong tool creating positive environment for CE. A conservative managerial attitude will block the willingness to innovate and cause lack of confidence of the employees. In order to overcome the possible frustration, organization should support the HC even during failures and continue investing in the projects that have high potential. Taking failures as an inevitable step towards success will help to maintain the level of confidence for further innovations and profitable ideas. Of course, in order not to lose control and take healthy risks, companys should build an organizational mechanism to decide which innovation projects are likely to bear fruits and which should be cast aside without having trial-errors. For example, a well known company 3M implemented a more disciplined approach to defining, selecting and funding projects. Instead of running 100 of them as earlier, the process shifted to 12 projects from which 10 are expected to be successful. In this way companies are more oriented, quickly reacting and can create true competitive advantages through expedient CE. Training and development appropriate abilities can be acquired through training and development strongest results towards boosting CE. Training can overcome the factors that decrease employees job performance and satisfaction. Staff development seen as activities that increase employees qualifications and performance at all hierarchical levels through education, career management, and work structure. All these practices can promote entrepreneurial behavior and improve the environment in the company. Training programs should be oriented towards building useful CE skills, fostering the dimensions of it inside the company: change acceptance, willingness to take risks, assume responsibility, and the value of teamwork and shared achievements. Training activities that enforce interpersonal skills should be fostered. Also training that supports creativity will strengthen innovativeness and potentially strengthen self-renewal and new business development. Finally, training on how to transf er new ideas into business will lead to higher intensity for risk propensity and proactiveness. For effective training, programs should fit the companys strategy and work process. To unfold their full effect on CE, expert knowledge, social competence, creativity, and methodical expertise are especially important to be considered. Specialist assignment specialists can anticipate and estimate specific problems earlier and thus identify needs for modifications more quickly. As CE is more often seen as a collective process, instead of putting the emphasis on one individual, firms must encourage cooperation among specialists to increase successful innovation processes. This is stressed because as environment impacts on organizational behaviors it is also seen in change of relationships between employees and employer or managers inside the organization. In order to become competitive and innovative, firms have to adopt new strategies, as well as different employee-organization relationship (EOR) patterns. The importance of this is significantly growing, because corporate entrepreneurship involves not only product innovation, risk taking or proactive responses to environmental forces, but also organizational learning, driven by collaboration and commitment. Here the collaboration of specialists could be seen as a link between employees, managers and their potential to foster corporate entrepreneurship together. As it can be observed in the Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme AG (SNI), a company that confronted financial and inside environment problems with a program called Change Agent Program, managerial support, concentrated staff selection and employee training and development are the tools that foster corporate entrepreneurship spirit and help to overcome the downturn a company can experience. The Change Agent program looked to replace Siemens Nixdorfs rigid corporate hierarchy with a more flexible and entrepreneurial attitude that would be more responsive to market demands. The company operated in a very competitive European market, was undermanaged and over consulted. As the employees at SNI experienced restructuring at the company during the early 1990s and four years of losses, the inside culture was far away from a company one could call innovative and lead thinking (as the ones operating in IT industry in US). The program though was focused on employees, emphasizing the importance of the people at the company and expanding the opportunities open to them. The goal of the 13 week program was to build an understanding of business fundamentals and business change along three dimensions: customer, competitiveness and culture. It combined presentations, discussions, workshops, case studies, best practice site visits, internships, and coach research. An important goal was to provide participants with new perspectives about their projects and give them the know-how to implement them upon return to the company. The programs aimed to have the sponsors (each member had two of them) provide leadership, guidance and support in order to help them achieve their project goals. This is also an example that specialists assistance is a tool fostering corporate entrepreneurship and improving the employees input. It was also aiming to help find innovative ways to approach and implement their projects. Each participant of the program had a project drawn from the area that concludes the most important challenges the company faces which were fostered by the program and implemented upon the employees return to SNI. Although the 21 Change Agents had varying degrees of success, it was clear that they played a role in driving SNI to profitability in the 1994 1995 fiscal year (for the first time in the companys history). That was reflected in the decision by the SNI Executive Board to perpetuate the Program on an annual basis. Such training and development programs foster collective and individual entrepreneurship inside the company. This example shows how important it is that such tools would fit the aim and strategy of the whole company. By addressing the right problems, training the right people (at SNI they were thoroughly selected) this training program helped the company to enhance the communication within the company, improve its international operations, flexibility and determine new possible directions. The employees felt the more entrepreneurial spirit of the companys culture and were able to channel their enthusiasm for changes and revitalization, feel more responsibility, and support what opened the ways for their projects. Conclusions Having the goal of being visible, active in todays global economy requires established companies to become more and more entrepreneurial in order to handle uncertainty and environmental dynamism. As the importance of CE is growing, more scholars are interested to define the specific tools that help to create and benefit from the CE inside the company. Different studies provide positive relationships between HRM practices and CE. As knowing the importance of qualified HC, so the management practices become a source of sustained competitive advantage for organizations. CE-related HR practices are unique to the extent that competitors cannot imitate them. Nevertheless the support from HR practices must be in line with that particular organizational culture and consistent with what is needed from employees. Considering the combined effects of all the OS factors, managerial support and tolerance for risk taking have still exerted significant effects on innovativeness. That is why firms should invest to build such an organizational environment where first, support and tolerance exist to a large extent. On the other side, organizations should spend more time on recruiting and training managers to be supportive and hold a philosophy that failure is a stepping-stone to success. As seen, HRM practices play a significant role in fostering and maintaining high levels of CE. Having a CE-friendly environment, companies should focus on the HRM practices of staff selection, staff development and training, and staff rewards that align employee motivation and entrepreneurial firm development. These practices show the highest correlation with innovative outcomes and positive CE results. Learning from the previously discussed real life examples it is obvious that CE is a complex phenomena to handle for different organizations. But the conclusion, that corporate entrepreneurship is a success factor in todays dense economy, stays the same. In order to foster the entrepreneurial culture inside the company it is important to maintain the focus on all possible sources and adapt the HRM practices to use them beneficially. LITERATURE: Employee-organization relationship in collective entrepreneurship: an overview. Domingo Ribeiro-Soriano,   David Urbano.   Journal of Organizational Change Management.  Bradford:2010.   Vol. 23,   Iss. 4,   p. 349-359 Boosting corporate entrepreneurship through HRM practices: Evidence from German SMEs. Ralf Schmelter,   RenÈ Mauer,   Christiane Bˆ rsch,   Malte Brettel.   Human Resource Management.  Hoboken:Jul/Aug 2010.   Vol. 49,   Iss. 4,   p. Organizational support for intrapreneurship and its interaction with HC to enhance innovative performance. Lutfihak Alpkan,   Cagri Bulut,   Gurhan Gunday,   Gunduz Ulusoy,   Kemal Kilic.   Management Decision.   London:2010.   Vol. 48,   Iss. 5,   p. 732-755 L.A. Hill, N.A. Kamprath and M.B. Conrad (1992), Joline Godfrey and the Polaroid Corporation (A), Harvard Business School Case, 9à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 492à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 037. Chesbrough, H.W. and Massaro, A. (2001) Lucent Technologies: The Future of the New entures Group, Harvard Business School Case, 9à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 601à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 102 : 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 19. Bartlett, C.A. and Mohammed, A. (1995) 3M: Profile of an innovating company, Harvard Business School Case, 9à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 395à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 016 : 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 20. Kanter, R.M., McGuire, J.F. and Mohammed, A. (1997) The Change Agent Program at Siemens Nixdorf, Harvard Business School Case, 9à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 396à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 203 : 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 17.

Possible application of the transferable development right mechanism

Possible application of the movable development right mechanism: The construct of movable development rights had originated in the USA, where it has been used for private land acquisition by the State for assorted non-commercial intents such as protecting environmentally sensitive countries. In its present signifier in India, movable development rights have been used as a tool for private land acquisition to build societal comfortss. During the last 10 old ages, the Indian Government had applied this policy to get land for public usage for non-commercial purposes28. The Government of India had had a policy to O.K. development programs for all large metropoliss, while land countries for building of public comfortss such as roads, schools, infirmaries, unfastened infinites, etc. have in private ownership. The pecuniary compensation has excessively expensive and impractical. This state of affairs in India has similar to drawn-out urban route undertakings in Vietnam where the compensation cost has reached 80 % of the entire cost of the undertaking. Apart from the fiscal facets, these undertakings ever have faced resistance from the population. In some large metropoliss of India, another mechanism for compensation, the Transferable Development Right had granted on lands have reserved for unfastened infinite, roads, comfortss and public Peoples with movable development rights have had the right to build houses on their remaining land after a portion had been acquired by the city’s authorization, or in other land which has had higher value, or to reassign the movable development rights to other people. In the Mumbai in India, people whose lands have been converted to public usage could take to have pecuniary compensation or movable development rights. The movable development rights had been granted in the signifier of the Development Rights Certificates. The Transferable development rights have a monetary value, depending on the â€Å"supply-demand† in the building market. It may be transferred to people, but it may non be mortgaged at the Bankss. The issue of Development Rights Certificates has to make a movable development rights market, which has had certain impacts on existent estate market, the land market, urban development market and the procedure of land transition for urban development. Puting up the movable development rights market has a appropriate manner to assist implement the planned aims of development with low compensation costs. It has besides created an easy manner to develop public substructure and has helped people capable to lands reserve for public usage to do perchance more money from the movable development rights market. In Vietnam, a mechanism to publish movable development rights’s demands to be carefully studied before a possible pilot strategy has been implemented in a selected metropolis. Application of the theoretical account could be decided after successful pilot surveies. In Vietnam, the construction of the value of land has different from that in other states. In some states, there has no difference between planned and unplanned land, but at that place has a difference between land with development rights and land without them. For illustration, the value of a movable development rights in India has the difference in the value of land between agricultural land and non-agricultural land in Vietnam. This has showed the practical troubles in application of the movable development rights in Vietnam. However, an in deepness survey of movable development rights should to be undertaken together with a survey of why agricultural land monetary values have increased aggressively after an administrative determination has been made to change over the land to non-agricultural land. movable development rights can hold another signifier of application in Vietnam. The Chinese theoretical account of land transition has similar to the execution of industrial zone building in Vietnam. In the first phase, land for non-agricultural development has been designated on the footing of sanctioned land usage programs prepared for land recovery from current land-users and for allotment to investors. In the 2nd phase, requisition of the land from agricultural collectives has been undertaken through administrative powers with payment of compensation in hard currency or sort. In the 3rd phase, substructure investors have received the land and have prepared substructure such as roads, grading, power, sewag e, H2O, environmental and webs, treating systems. The sites have so leased or transferred to industrial or service investors via direct dialogue, a command procedure, or land auctions. The difference between the theoretical accounts of the two states has in the 2nd phase. The land in China has been recovered from agricultural collectives and in Vietnam the land has been recovered from families or persons. In Vietnam, the State allocates or rentals land non merely for large undertakings utilizing common substructure, but besides straight for undertakings of service nature or an industrial after direct choice of the investors or by land auction or undertaking command together with land usage. The lessons have learned from the Chinese experiences have to happen a suited bound for application of mandatory land acquisition. This system may be applied to large undertakings which require a primary investor for readying of the common substructure have been followed by the primary investor leasing or reassigning the sites to industrial or service investors via direct dialogue, offering procedure or land auctions. The Korean theoretical account of land transition has had some points that can be considered for application in Vietnam. In Korea, the Government has established land districting programs for industrial and residential countries which have been so developed through land readjustment strategies. The undertaking costs and net incomes have been shared among some secret plans and the landholders have been given back to landholders. The Korea Land Cooperation has been allowed to implement urban development plans ; this organisation has similar to the Land development organisation in Vietnam. This mechanism has allowed people to recapture most of the undertaking benefits and to supply inexpensive service sites to building companies. Under the Urban Development Law ( 1999 ) , private developers have been permitted to suggest urban development undertakings every bit long as they have obtained blessing from two tierces of the landholders. In Vietnam, betterment of the Land development organisations could be considered to reform the compulsory land transition system. Some facets of the land monetary value assessment process piloted in Ho Chi Minh City The People’s Committee of Ho Chi Minh City have decided to use the process of land monetary value appraisal to specify the market-based monetary value of land to find land value and compensation. The land monetary value appraisal service has been supplied largely by the Southern Centre for Consulting and Price Assessment Services ( Ministry of Finance ) and the Centre for Price Assessment of the Ho Chi Minh City ( Department of Finance, Ho Chi Minh City ) . In an interview with the first Centre, the manager noted: †¢ The land monetary value rating procedure has an nonsubjective agencies to help in making consensus between State organic structures and has affected people. †¢ The legal method for agricultural land rating has based on income from agricultural production has non been aligned with the market monetary value of agricultural land. †¢ Application of the legal method for non-agriculture land rating for undertaking investing have based on the comparing of the land with other similar land brushs troubles in happening similar land with a similar investing potency. †¢ There have no market based land monetary value databases for application of the comparing method to non-agriculture land monetary value appraisal. †¢ Affected people are utilizing the public services of land rating but there have no ordinances on the declaration of land monetary value differences. The land monetary value appraisal process for land compensation and relocation should be developed for application in all states. To explicate a suited legal model, several surveies and pilot activities have been needed. Apart from the legal facets, the building of a land monetary value database should be undertaken as shortly as possible. The Land Law 1987, the 2nd session of National Assembly VII has adopted this Law on December 29, 1987 and it came into consequence on January 1st, 1988. This jurisprudence has consisted of 6 chapters and 57 articles have constructed on the footing of the State-subsidized theoretical account on land. The chief contents item land allotment by the State for the usage of organisations, families and persons ; the land direction system ; the system of land usage for wood land, agricultural production land, land for particular utilizations and fresh land, residential land ; the rights and duties of the land-users ; and the system of land usage for foreign organisations and persons. This jurisprudence had had merely three articles modulating the land transition system with the undermentioned content: ( I ) The State recovers land when the land would be used for the intent of the State or public involvement ; ( two ) Those who has used agricultural and forestry land have been allocated by the State who has wished to change over this land to industrial and service intents may pay land compensation to the State and so this compensation would be used to develop the resources of the land ; ( three ) If the current land user has non continued to necessitate usage of the land, the State woull recover the land to apportion to others and the current the land user would be compensated for belongings on the land ; ( four ) If the land in current usage has been recovered by the State to utilize for the intents of the State or public involvement, the current land-user will be compensated for losingss and allocated with other land. Harmonizing to these ordinances, the land users have received land allocated by the State to utilize, but had no had belongings rights on that land every bit good as no land dealing rights. The land-user merely has had ownership of the belongings on the land in which they has already invested. Land transition has been carried out under the compulsory mechanisms decided by the State. The Government’s Decreessteering execution of the Land Law 1993, the Law of 1998 on amendment and supplementation of the Land Law, the 2001 Law on amendment and supplementation of the Land Law and the two regulations on rights and duties of organisations utilizing land. During the cogency of the Land Law 1993 ( 15th October, 1993 – 1st July, 2004 ) , the Vietnam Government had issued 30 edicts including 3 edicts on general land direction ; on revenue enhancement on land usage are 4 and transferred of land usage rights ; on land enrollment are 3 ; on land monetary values are 7, land usage fees, land rental and cadastral charges ; on land compensation on land recovery by the State are 2 ; and on land rental and system of land usage for all land classs and land allotment by the State and, rights and duties of land-users are 13 edicts. Among the edicts steering execution of the Land Law, there have 3 groups of edicts that dealt with land transition mechanisms. These have the group of edicts on compensation on the State’s recovery of land ( associating to mandatory land transition ) . The group of edicts on the land leased and allocated by the State, government of land usage for all land classs, rights and duties of land-users ( associating to voluntary land transition ) ; and the group of edicts on land monetary values, land usage fees, land lease ( associating to both land transition systems ) . These edicts specifically include: †¢ Decree No. 90-CPof 17th August, 1994 stipulates compensation for losingss caused by the State’s recovery of land for usage in intents of national defence, security and national and public involvements. The compensation rule is that compensation for losingss in land would be made through the allotment of new land in the same class as the land had been recovered. If the State could non happen other land for allotment or the individual whose land has been recovered does non bespeak compensation in land, a payment would be made with the value calculated on the footing of the land monetary value has announced by the provincial people’s commission in conformity with the model of land monetary values have stipulated by the Government in Decree No. 87-CP dated 17th August, 1994. All belongings have associated with the land would be compensated for by a sum equivalent to the bing value of the belongings at the standard monetary value has set by the State. This edict has non stipulated support for residential remotion, work break and new occupation preparation, etc ; neither does it qualify the relocation mechanism, but chiefly compensation in hard currency to help with the building of a new abode. †¢ Decree No. 22/1998/ND-CPof 24th April, 1998 on compensation for losingss when the State recovers land to utilize for the intents of national defence, security and national and public involvement. This Decree replaced Decree No. 90-CP of 17th August, 1994. The land monetary value has used to cipher compensation in this Decree has been decided by the metropolis people’s commission multiplied by a coefficient in order to guarantee compatibility with the monetary value of land usage rights on the market. The individual capable to recovery of residential land had been compensated for the land country at the degree determined by the provincial people’s commission. Properties associated with the cured land had been compensated by a sum equivalent to the bing value of these belongingss plus a amount stand foring a per centum of the bing value of the belongingss. However, the sum of the belongings compensation may non be higher than 100 % and non lower than 60 % of the original value of the belongings. This Decree have besides stipulated the support for people whose land has been recovered, such as support for disrupted productiveness and stableness, remotion and new occupation preparation. The edict particularly has stipulated the building of relocation locations and delegating residential land to families in the relocation location. †¢ Decree No. 11-CPof 24th January, 1995 on have detailed commissariats for execution of the regulation on duties of foreign organisations, the rights and persons utilizing land had leased by the State. This edict have stipulated the elaborate commissariats for the ways in which the State may rent land to foreign organisations and persons and the rights of foreign land-users as in the Regulation on the rights and duties of foreign organisations and persons utilizing land leased by the State in Vietnam. †¢ Decree No. 18-CPof 13th February, 1995 on has detailed commissariats for execution of the Regulation on the rights and duties of domestic organisations utilizing land leased and allocated by the State. This Decree has stipulated the elaborate commissariats for the State’s allotment of land without a land usage fee and the State’s leasing of land and rights applicable to domestic land-users as mentioned in the Ordinance on rights and duties of domestic organisations utilizing land leased and allocated by the State. The Decree particularly focuses on the right to mortgage land usage rights and land usage rights as a part as capital. †¢ Decree No. 85-CPof 17th December, 1996 on commissariats for execution of the Regulation on the rights and duties of domestic organisations utilizing land leased and allocated by the State. This Decree is rather similar to Decree No. 18-CP of 13th February, 1995. It has stipulated the elaborate commissariats for the State’s allotment of land with a land usage fee as mentioned in the Regulation on amendment and supplementation of on rights and duties of domestic organisations utilizing land have been leased and the Ordinance on rights and have been allocated by the State. †¢ Decree No. 04/2000/ND-CPof 11th February, 2000 on implementing the Law on amendment and supplementation of the Land Law in 1998. This Decree has guided the execution of the Law which clarifies the State’s allotment of land with and without a land usage fee, the State’s leasing of land with a individual payment or one-year payment and land usage right transportation, rental and part as capital between domestic economic organisations, families, persons. The Decree has besides stipulated elaborate ordinances on the rights of land dealing made by land users. †¢ Decree No. 87-CPof 17th August, 1994 on the model of land monetary values for all classs of land. This Decree has stipulated the model of land monetary values ( lowest to highest monetary values ) for all classs of land. On this footing the provincial people’s commission has issued a land monetary value tabular array for every land location. The model of land monetary values in this Decree has much lower than the monetary value of land usage rights transportation on the market ( 10 % to 30 % ) . The Decree has besides allowed the usage of a coefficient runing from 0.8 to 1.2, by which the land monetary value would be multiplied to guarantee compatibility with the specific substructure conditions of urban land. After lupus erythematosus than a twelvemonth of execution, the Prime Minister had issued Decision No. 302 – TTg of 13th May, 1996 to set the coefficient from 0.5 to 1.8. †¢ Decree No. 17/1998/ND-CPof 21st March, 1998 on amendment and supplementation of Item 2 Article 4 of Decree No. 87-CP of 17th August, 1994 on the model of land monetary values for all classs of land. After 3 old ages of implementing Decree No. 87-CP of 17th of August, 1994, the Government had adjusted the model of land monetary values so that the lowest monetary value may be reduced by 50 % and the highest monetary value may be increased by 50 % .